Table 1.
Summary of pairwise associations between reason for use and type of supplements used (all athletes who use supplements n = 520)
| Maintain strength | Enhance endurance | Able to train longer | Doctor's advice | |
| Creatine | 97.076 (< .001) | NA | 49.140 (< .001) | NA |
| Iron | NA | 0.230 (.632) | NA | 35.004 (<.001) |
| Ginseng | NA | NA | 4.062a (.044) | NA |
| Whey protein | 97.823 (.001) | NA | 31.180 (.001) | NA |
| Caffeine | NA | 38.761 (.001) | 25.192 (.001) | NA |
| Vitamin C | NA | NA | 1.577 (.209) | 0.005 (.944) |
a expected association from anecdotal effect. Each cell displays the χ2 coefficient and the corresponding p-values in parentheses (NA = no association expected).