Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Metabolic Syndrome | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristic (units) | Yes (n=762) | No (n=1361) |
| Age (years)* | 61±9 | 58±9 |
| Women* | 51% | 60% |
| Waist circumference (cm)* | 107±11 | 93±12 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)* | 133±18 | 121±17 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 77±10 | 73±9 |
| Total cholesterol/High-density lipoprotein (ratio)* | 4.7±1.3 | 3.5±1.0 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)* | 177±89 | 101±52 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL)* | 103±9 | 94±8 |
| Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance* | 5.3±3.0 | 2.9±1.5 |
| Insulin resistance*† | 52% | 10% |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)* | 30.5±4.8 | 26.1±4.3 |
| Hypertension* | 64% | 23% |
| Heart rate (beats per minute)* | 66±10 | 63±10 |
| Antihypertensive therapy* | 43% | 15% |
| Current Smoking* | 9% | 15% |
| Smoking 6 hrs prior to test* | 6% | 10% |
| Hormone replacement therapy (women)* | 31% | 34% |
| Lipid lowering medication* | 21% | 10% |
| Walk test: | ||
| Before brachial testing* | 36% | 46% |
| After brachial testing | 42% | 42% |
Continuous variables, mean±SD;
*
p value<0.05 Yes vs. No Metabolic Syndrome;
†
Insulin resistance defined as upper quartile of HOMA-IR in this study sample