Table 1.

Reference/Study	Stressor	Species	Strain	Stress Paradigm	Stress Timing	Effects on Total Sleep	Effects on NREM Sleep	Effects on REMS
SHOCK STRESS
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6	Day 1 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	None	None	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6	Day 2 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	None	None	Mid light phase decrease and late dark phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6	Day 3 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	None	None	Mid light phase decrease and late dark phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6	Day 4 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	Late light phase increase.	Late light phase increase	Mid light phase decrease and late dark phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 1 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	Mid light phase decrease	Mid light phase decrease.	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 2 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	Mid light phase decrease	None	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 3 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	Mid light phase decrease	Mid light phase decrease.	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 4 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	Mid light phase decrease	Mid light phase decrease and early dark phase decrease.	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6/BalbC F1	Day 1 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	None	None	None
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6/BalbC F1	Day 2 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	Late dark phase decrease	Mid dark phase increase and late dark phase decrease.	Late dark phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6/BalbC F1	Day 3 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	Mid dark phase increase then late dark phase decrease.	Mid dark phase increase then late decrease.	Late dark phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6/BalbC F1	Day 4 Cued shock training - 15 tone-footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec shocks	Training within 2 h after light onset	Mid light phase increase and late increase/late dark phase increase then decrease	Mid light phase increase late light phase decrease/mid dark phase increase then late dark phase decrease.	Late light phase decrease/mid dark phase increase and late dark phase decrease.
Vazquez-Palacious & Velazquez-Moctezuma 2000	Shock	Rat	Wistar	Unavoidable footshocks, 5 min, 1 /sec, 0.2 sec, 3 mA shocks	Just before light onset	Middle dark phase increase.	None.	Early through mid light phase decrease/middle dark phase increase.
Papale et al. 2005	Shock	Rat	Wistar	Day 1 Unavoidable footshocks - 2 mA, 0.25 sec, 4–6 random shocks per min	2–3 and 9–10 h after light onset.	No change.	No change	No change.
Papale et al. 2005	Shock	Rat	Wistar	Day 2 Unavoidable footshocks - 2 mA, 0.25 sec, 4–6 random shocks per min	2–3 and 9–10 h after light onset.	No change.	No change	General dark phase increase.
Papale et al. 2005	Shock	Rat	Wistar	Day 3 Unavoidable footshocks – 2 mA, 0.25 sec, 4–6 random shocks per min	2–3 and 9–10 h after light onset.	General light phase decrease.	General light phase decrease.	General light phase decrease/general dark phase increase.
Papale et al. 2005	Shock	Rat	Wistar	Day 4 Unavoidable footshocks – 2 mA, 0.25 sec, 4–6 random shocks per min	2–3 and 9–10 h after light onset.	General light phase decrease.	General light phase decrease.	General light phase decrease/general dark phase increase.
Pawlyk et al. 2005	Shock	Rat	Sprague Dauley	Day 1 Postraining Contextual shock training - 5 random 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec footshocks over 30 minutes	3–3.5 h after light onset 24 h before recording period	Mid light phase increase (only 4 hr of recording).	No change (only 4 hr of recording)	Mid light phase increase (only 4 hr of recording).
Pawlyk et al. 2005	Shock	Rat	Sprague Dauley	Day 2 Posttraining Contextual shock training , 5 random 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec footshocks over 30 minutes	3–3.5 h after light onset 48 h before recording period	Mid light phase increase (only 4 hr of recording).	Mid light phase increase (only 4 hr of recording).	Mid light phase increase (only 4 hr of recording).
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 1 Controllable footshock - 280 trials/day of 5 sec each of 0.16 mA, 0.32 mA, 0.65 mA, 1.3 mA, 2.6 mA	Throughout day	Decrease during entire day.	n.r.	Decrease during entire day.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 2 Controllable footshock - 280 trials/day of 5 sec each of 0.16 mA, 0.32 mA, 0.65 mA, 1.3 mA, 2.6 mA	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	Decrease during entire day.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 3 Controllable footshock - 280 trials/day of 5 sec each of 0.16 mA, 0.32 mA, 0.65 mA, 1.3 mA, 2.6 mA	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	Decrease during entire day.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 7 Controllable footshock - 280 trials/day of 5 sec each of 0.16 mA, 0.32 mA, 0.65 mA, 1.3 mA, 2.6 mA	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	No change.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 14 Controllable footshock - 280 trials/day of 5 sec each of 0.16 mA, 0.32 mA, 0.65 mA, 1.3 mA, 2.6 mA	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	No change.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Recovery Day 1 - Controllable footshock	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	Increase during entire day.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Recovery Day 2 - Controllable footshock	Throughout day	Increase during entire day.	n.r.	No change.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Recovery Day 7 - Controllable footshock	Throughout day	Increase during entire day.	n.r.	No change.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 1 Uncontrollable footshock - 280 trials/day of 5 sec each of 0.16 mA, 0.32 mA, 0.65 mA, 1.3 mA, 2.6 mA	Throughout day	Decrease during entire day.	n.r.	Decrease during entire day.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 2 Uncontrollable footshock - 280 trials/day of 5 sec each of 0.16 mA, 0.32 mA, 0.65 mA, 1.3 mA, 2.6 mA	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	No change.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 3 Uncontrollable footshock - 280 trials/day of 5 sec each of 0.16 mA, 0.32 mA, 0.65 mA, 1.3 mA, 2.6 mA	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	No change.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 7 Uncontrollable footshock - 280 trials/day of 5 sec each of 0.16 mA, 0.32 mA, 0.65 mA, 1.3 mA, 2.6 mA	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	No change.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 14 Uncontrollable footshock - 280 trials/day of 5 sec each of 0.16 mA, 0.32 mA, 0.65 mA, 1.3 mA, 2.6 mA	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	No change.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Recovery Day 1 - Uncontrollable footshock	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	No change.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Recovery Day 2 - Uncontrollable footshock	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	No change.
Kant et al. 1995	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Recovery Day 7 - Uncontrollable footshock	Throughout day	No change.	n.r.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6	Day 1 - Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	No change.	Increase late light phase.	Decrease mid light phase/decrease late dark phase.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6	Day 2 – Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	No change.	No change.	Decrease mid light phase.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6	Day 3 - Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	Increase late light phase.	Increase late light phase.	Decrease mid light phase.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6	Day 4 - Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	Increase late light phase/decrease late dark phase.	Increase late light phase.	Decrease mid light phase.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 1 - Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	No change.	No change.	Mid to late light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 2 - Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	Decrease mid light.	Decrease mid light.	Late light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 3 - Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	No change.	No change.	Late light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 4 - Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	Decrease early dark.	Decrease early dark.	Mid light phase decrease/mid to late dark phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6/BalbC F1	Day 1 - Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	Mid and late light phase decreases.	Mid light phase decrease.	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6/BalbC F1	Day 2 - Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	Mid light phase decrease.	Mid light phase decrease.	Might light phase decrease/mid dark phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6/BalbC F1	Day 3 - Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	Mid light phase decrease.	No change.	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Shock	Mouse	C57Bl6/BalbC F1	Day 4 – Contextual shock training, 15 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	Within first 2–2.25 h of light	No change.	No change.	Mid light phase decrease/mid dark phase decrease.
Tang et al. 2005b	Shock	Rat	Fischer	Day 1 - Contextual shock training, 20 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks over 20 min	Fifth hour after lights on.	No change.	No change.	General increase throughout dark phase.
Tang et al. 2005b	Shock	Rat	Fischer	Day 2 - Contextual shock training, 20 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks over 20 min	Fifth hour after lights on.	General increase throughout dark phase.	No change.	General increase throughout dark phase.
Tang et al. 2005b	Shock	Rat	Lewis	Day 1 - Contextual shock training, 20 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks over 20 min	Fifth hour after lights on.	General increase throughout dark phase.	General increase throughout dark phase.	General decrease throughout light phase.
Tang et al. 2005b	Shock	Rat	Lewis	Day 2 - Contextual shock training, 20 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks over 20 min	Fifth hour after lights on.	No change.	General increase throughout dark phase.	General decrease throughout light phase.
Tang et al. 2005b	Shock	Rat	Wistar	Day 1 - Contextual shock training, 20 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks over 20 min	Fifth hour after lights on.	General increase throughout dark phase/general decrease throughout light phase.	General increase throughout dark phase.	General decrease throughout light phase/general increase throughout dark phase.
Tang et al. 2005b	Shock	Rat	Wistar	Day 2 - Contextual shock training, 20 0.2mA, 0.5 sec footshocks over 20 min	Fifth hour after lights on.	General increase throughout dark phase/general decrease throughout light phase.	General increase throughout dark phase/general decrease throughout light phase.	General decrease throughout light phase/general increase throughout dark phase.
Adrien et al. 1990	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 0 Training (Helpless) - Inescapable footshock, 60 randomized 0.8 mA, 15 sec footshocks every min +/− 15 sec	Early morning.	No change. (n.r. after 3 hr)	Decrease (SWSI) mid light phase (n.r. after 3 hr)	Decrease mid light phase (n.r. after 3 hr)
				(Control)		No change. (n.r. after 3 hr)	No change. (n.r. after 3 hr)	No change (n.r. after 3 hr)
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 1 Posttraining (Helpless)	Early morning.	No change.	General increase (SWS1) throughout dark.	No change.
				(Control)		No change	No change	No change
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 2 Posttraining (Helpless) - Shuttle box testing 1	Early morning.	Mid light phase increase (n.r. after 3 h)	Increase (SWSII) mid light phase (n.r. after 3 h)	No change.
				(Control)		No change.	No change.	Mid light phase decrease (n.r. after 3 hr)
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 3 Posttraining (Helpless)	Early morning.	No change.	No change.	No change.
				(Control)		No change.	No change.	No change.
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 4 Posttraining (Helpless) - Shutte box testing 2	Early morning.	Mid light phase increase (n.r. after 3 h)	No change (n.r. after 3 h)	Mid light phase increase (n.r. after 3 h)
				(Control)		No change (n.r. after 3 h)	No change (n.r. after 3 h)	No change (n.r. after 3 h)
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 7 Posttraining (Helpless)	Early morning.	General dark phase decrease.	No change.	General dark phase decrease.
				(Control)		No change.	No change.	General dark phase decrease.
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 8 Posttraining (Helpless) - Shuttle box testing 3	Early morning.	No change (n.r. after 3 h)	Mid light phase increase (SWS2) (n.r. after 3 hr)	Increase mid light phase (n.r. after 3 hr)
				(Control)		Mid light phase increase (n.r. after 3h)	Mid light phase increase (SWS2) (n.r. after 3 hr)	No change (n.r. after 3 h)
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 9 Posttraining (Helpless)	Early morning.	General decrease during dark.	No change.	General decrease during dark.
				(Control)		No change.	No change.	General decrease during dark.
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 10 Posttraining (Helpless)	Early morning.	General increase during light and dark.	General increase (SWS2) during light.	General decrease during dark.
				(Control)		General decrease during dark.	General decrease (SWS2) during dark.	General decrease during dark.
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 11 Posttraining (Helpless) - Shuttle box testing 4	Early morning.	Mid light phase increase (n.r. after 3 h)	Mid light phase increase (SWS2) (n.r. after 3 h)	No change (n.r. after 3h)
				(Control)		Mid light phase increase (n.r. after 3 h)	Mid light phase increase (SWS2) (n.r. after 3 h)	No change (n.r. after 3h)
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 14 Posttraining (Helpless)	Early morning.	General increase during light.	General increase (SWS2) during light.	General decrease during dark.
				(Control)		General increase during light.	General increase (SWS2) during light.	General decrease during dark.
Adrien et al. 1991	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 15 Posttraining (Helpless)	Early morning.	General increase during dark.	General decrease (SWS1) during light; general increase (SWS2) during light.	General decrease during dark.
				(Control)		General increase during dark.	General decrease (SWS1) during light.	General decrease during dark.
Sanford et al. 2001	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 1 Cued shock training - 15 light:footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	4.5 h after lights on	No change (n.r. after 4 h)	No change (n.r. after 4 h)	Decrease mid light phase (n.r. after 4 h)
Sanford et al. 2001	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 2 Cued shock training - 15 light:footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	4.5 h after lights on	No change (n.r. after 4 h)	No change (n.r. after 4 h)	Decrease mid light phase (n.r. after 4 h)
Sanford et al. 2001	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 3 Cued shock training - 15 light:footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	4.5 h after lights on	No change (n.r. after 4 h)	No change (n.r. after 4 h)	No change (n.r. after 4 h)
Sanford et al. 2001	Shock	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Day 4 Cued shock training - 15 light:footshock pairings, 0.5 mA, 0.5 sec footshocks	4.5 h after lights on	No change (n.r. after 4 h)	No change (n.r. after 4 h)	Decrease mid light phase (n.r. after 4 h)
Sanford et al. 2003c	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Cued shock training, 1 tone:footshock pairing 0.2 mA, 0.5 sec footshock	Within first 2 h of lights on	n.r.	No change.	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Cued shock training, 1 tone:footshock pairing 0.2 mA, 0.5 sec footshock	Within first 2 h of lights on, 24 h before recording	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Cued shock training, 15 tone:footshock pairings 0.2 mA, 0.5 sec footshock	Within first 2 h of lights on	n.r.	Mid light phase decrease; late dark phase increase.	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Cued shock training, 15 tone:footshock pairing 0.2 mA, 0.5 sec footshock	Within first 2 h of lights on, 24 h before recording	n.r.	No change.	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 3 Posttraining - Cued shock training, 15 tone:footshock pairing 0.2 mA, 0.5 sec footshock	Within first 2 h of lights on.	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 5 Posttraining - Cued shock training, 15 tone:footshock pairing 0.2 mA, 0.5 sec footshock	Within first 2 h of lights on.	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Shock	Mouse	BalbC	Day 7 Posttraining - Cued shock training, 15 tone:footshock pairing 0.2 mA, 0.5 sec footshock	Within first 2 h of lights on.	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Palma et al. 2000	Shock	Rat	Wistar	Unavoidable footshocks, 1 h, 2 mA, 0.1 s, 4–6 shocks /min, variable inter-shock interval	Started 2–2.5 h after lights on	Decrease mid light (data for 6 h post-shock only)	No change (data for 6 h post-shock only).	Decrease mid light (data for 6 h post-shock only).
FEARFUL CUES
Sanford et al. 2003a	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	C57Bl6	Fearful audio cues from 4 day of shock training (WHEN PRIOR????)	At 4 h after light onset	None.	None.	Mid light phase decrease/early dark phase decrease..
Sanford et al. 2003a	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Fearful audio cues from 4 day of shock training	At 4 h after light onset	None.	Late dark phase increase.	Mid light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003a	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	C57Bl6/BalbC F1	Fearful audio cues from 4 day of shock training	At 4 h after light onset	Mid light phase increase.	Mid light phase increase.	Decrease throughout dark phase..
Pawlyk et al 2005	Fearful audio cues	Rat	Sprauge Dauley	Fearful contextual cues from 1 day of shock training 24-h prior	3 h after light onset	Mid light phase decrease (only 4 hr of recording)	No change (only 4 hr of recording)	Mid light phase decrease (only 4 hr of recording).
Sanford et al. 2003b	Contextual cues	Mouse	C57Bl6	Fearful contextual cues from 4 days of shock training 5–6 days prior	Within first 2 h of light	No change.	No change.	Mid light decrease/late dark decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Contextual cues	Mouse	BalbC	Fearful contextual cues from 4 days of shock training 5–6 days prior	Within first 2 h of light	No change.	Late dark increase.	Mid light decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003b	Contextual cues	Mouse	C57Bl6/BalbC F1	Fearful contextual cues from 4 days of shock training 5–6 days prior	Within first 2 h of light	Mid light decrease.	Mid light decrease.	Mid light decrease/mid dark decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Day 6 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of single-shock training	4 h after light onset	n.r.	No change.	No change.
				Day 7 Posttraining	24 h after exposure to cues	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Day 13 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of single-shock training	4 h after light onset	n.r.	No change.	No change.
				Day 14 Posttraining	24 h after exposure to cues	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Day 20 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of single-shock training	4 h after light onset	n.r.	No change.	No change.
				Day 21 Posttraining	24 h after exposure to cues	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Day 27 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of single-shock training	4 h after light onset	n.r.	No change.	No change.
				Day 28 Posttraining	24 h after exposure to cues	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Day 34 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of single-shock training	4 h after light onset	n.r.	No change.	No change.
				Day 35 Posttraining	24 h after exposure to cues	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Day 6 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of multiple (15) shock training	4 h after light onset	n.r.	No change.	No change.
				Day 7 Posttraining	24 h after exposure to cues	n.r.	Early dark phase decrease.	Late light phase decrease.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Day 13 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of multiple (15) shock training	4 h after light onset	n.r.	Late light phase increase.	No change.
				Day 14 Posttraining	24 h after exposure to cues	n.r.	Early dark phase decrease.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Day 20 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of multiple (15) shock training	4 h after light onset	n.r.	No change.	No change.
				Day 21 Posttraining	24 h after exposure to cues	n.r.	Early dark phase decrease.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Day 27 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of multiple (15) shock training	4 h after light onset	n.r.	No change.	No change.
				Day 28 Posttraining	24 h after exposure to cues	n.r.	Early dark phase decrease.	No change.
Sanford et al. 2003c	Fearful audio cues	Mouse	BalbC	Day 34 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of multiple (15) shock training	4 h after light onset	n.r.	No change.	No change.
				Day 35 Posttraining	24 h after exposure to cues	n.r.	Early dark phase decrease.	No change.
Tang et al. 2005b	Fearful contextual cues	Rat	Fisher	Day 1 Posttraining - 30 minutes in fearful contextual from 2 days of contextual training	Fifth hour after lights on.	No change.	No change.	General increase throughout dark phase.
Tang et al. 2005b	Fearful contextual cues	Rat	Lewis	Day 1 Posttraining - 30 minutes in fearful contextual from 2 days of contextual training	Fifth hour after lights on.	General increase throughout light phase.	No change.	General decrease throughout light phase.
Tang et al. 2005b	Fearful contextual cues	Rat	Wistar	Day 1 Posttraining - 30 minutes in fearful contextual from 2 days of contextual training	Fifth hour after lights on.	General decrease throughout light phase/general increase throughout dark phase.	General decrease during light phase/general increase throughout dark phase.	General decrease throughout light phase.
Jha et al. 2005	Fearful audio cues	Rat	Sprauge Dauley	Day 1 Posttraining - Fearful audio cues from 1 day of multiple (5) tone:footshock pairings	3 h after light onset	No change (n.r. after 4 h).	n.r.	Mid light phase decrease (n.r. after 4 h)
Jha et al. 2005	Explicitly unpaired audio cues	Rat	Sprauge Dauley	Day 1 Posttraining - Explicitly unpaired audio cues from tone:footshock control group	3 h after light onset	No change (n.r. after 4 h).	n.r.	Mid light phase increase (n.r. after 4 h)
IMMOBILIZATION
Meerlo et al. 2001	Immobilisation stress	Mouse	C57Bl6	1 h immobilisation.	6 h after light onset	n.r.	Early and late dark phase increases.	Mid light phase decrease and late light phase increase/Increase throughout dark phase.
Meerlo et al. 2001	Immobilisation stress	Mouse	BalbC	1 h immobilisation.	6 h after light onset	n.r.	Late light increase/early to mid dark phase increase.	Mid light phase decrease/Early to mid dark phase increase.
Vazquez-Palacious & Velazquez-Moctezuma 2000	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Wistar	2 hr immobilisation.	2 h before light onset.	Early and late light phase increases/early through late dark phase increases.	Increases throughoutlight and dark phases.	Late light phase increase/increase throughout dark.
Papale et al 2005	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Wistar	22 h/day immobilisation, 1 h breaks 9.00 and 16.00 – Day 1	Near continuous.	General light and dark phase decreases.	General light and dark phase decreases.	General light and dark phase decreases.
Papale et al 2005	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Wistar	22 h/day immobilisation, 1 h breaks 9.00 and 16.00 – Day 2	Near continuous.	General light and dark phase decreases.	General light and dark phase decreases.	General dark phase decreases.
Papale et al 2005	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Wistar	22 h/day immobilisation, 1 h breaks 9.00 and 16.00 – Day 3	Near continuous.	General light and dark phase decreases.	General light and dark phase decreases.	General light and dark phase decreases.
Papale et al 2005	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Wistar	22 h/day immobilisation, 1 h breaks 9.00 and 16.00 – Day 4	Near continuous.	General light phase decrease.	General light phase decrease.	General light and dark phase decreases.
Dewasmes et al 2004	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Wistar	1.5 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	n.r.	Increase throughout dark phase.	Early and mid dark phase increases/late light phase increase.
Bonnet et al 1997	Immobilisation stress	Rat	OFA	1 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	Early dark phase decrease and mid to late dark phase increases (n.r. light phase)	Early dark phase decrease, late dark phase increases (n.r. light phase)	Early dark phase decreases and mid dark phase increase. (n.r. light phase)
Vazquez-Palacious et al 2004	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Wistar	1 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights on.	Mid to late light phase increase/increase throughout dark phase.	Mid to late light phase increase/increase throughout dark phase.	Mid to late light phase increase/increase throughout dark phase.
Rampin 1991	Immobilisation stress	Rat	OFA	Day 1 – 2 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	No change (n.r. light phase)	No change. (n.r. light phase)	Increase throughout the remaining dark period. (n.r. light phase)
Rampin 1991	Immobilisation stress	Rat	OFA	Day 2 – 2 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	Increase throughout remaining dark period (n.r. light phase)	No change. (n.r. light phase)	Increase throughout the remaining dark period. (n.r. light phase)
Rampin 1991	Immobilisation stress	Rat	OFA	Day 3 – 2 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	Increase throughout remaining dark period (n.r. light phase)	No change. (n.r. light phase)	No change. (n.r. light phase)
Rampin 1991	Immobilisation stress	Rat	OFA	Day 4 – 2 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	No change (n.r. light phase)	No change. (n.r. light phase)	No change. (n.r. light phase)
Gonzalez et al. 1995	Immobilisation stress	Rat	OFA	1 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	General increase throughout dark (n.r. light)	General increase throughout dark (n.r. light)	General increase throughout dark (n.r. light)
Bouyer et al. 1998	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Sprague-Dawley (LR)	1 h immobilisation	5 h after light onset (14:10 light:dark)	decrease at late dark and following early/mid light phase	decrease early and late dark phase and in following mid light phase	increase early/mid dark phase
Bouyer et al. 1998	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Sprague-Dawley (HR)	1 h immobilisation	5 h after light onset (14:10 light:dark)	general increase throughout light phase and dark phase, but not following light	no change	general increase throughout light and dark phases, but not following light phase
Marinesco et al. 1999	Immobilisation stress	Rat	OFA	0.5 h immobilistation	Beginning of lights off.	n.r.	increase during remaining dark phase (n.r. light phase)	increase during remaining dark phase (n.r. light phase)
Marinesco et al. 1999	Immobilisation stress	Rat	OFA	1 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	n.r.	increase during remaining dark phase (n.r. light phase)	increase during remaining dark phase (n.r. light phase)
Marinesco et al. 1999	Immobilisation stress	Rat	OFA	2 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	n.r.	no change (n.r. light phase)	increase during remaining dark phase (n.r. light phase)
Marinesco et al. 1999	Immobilisation stress	Rat	OFA	4 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	n.r.	no change (n.r. light phase)	no change.
Koehl et al. 2002	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	1 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights off.	Increase through dark phase/early light decrease.	Increase throughout dark phase/early light phase decrease.	Mid to late dark phase increase.
Koehl et al. 2002	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	1 h immobilisation	Beginning of lights on.	Late light phase increase/early to mid dark phase increase.	Increase throughout light phase/early dark phase increase.	Late light phase increase/early to mid dark phase increase.
Tiba et al. 2003	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Wistar	Control handling - 1 h immobilisation	1.5 h after light onset	Decrease mid light/Increase throughout dark.	Decrease mid light, increase late light/increase early dark.	Decrease mid light/increase early dark.
Tiba et al. 2003	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Wistar	Early handling as pups - 1 h immobilisation	1.5 h after light onset	Decrease mid light/Increase throughout dark.	Decrease mid light, increase late light/Increase throughout dark.	Decrease mid light, increase late light/increase throughout dark.
Palma et al. 2000	Immobilisation stress	Rat	Wistar	1 h immobilisation	2–2.5 h after light onset	Increase mid light (data for 6 h post-shock only).	Increase mid light (data for 6 h post-shock only).	Increase mid light (data for 6 h post-shock only).
MISC STRESS
Bodosi et al. 2000	Ether stress	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	1 min exposure to ether vapor	30–45 min before lights on.	n.r.	No change (n.r. dark phase)	Mid light phase increase (n.r. dark phase).
Bodosi et al. 2000	Ether stress	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	1 min exposure to ether vapor	30–45 min before lights off.	n.r.	No change (n.r. light phase)	Early through late dark phase increase. (n.r. light phase).
Tang et al. 2005a	Cage change	Rat	F334	Cage change	2 h after lights on.	n.r.	No change.	Late increase during light.
Tang et al. 2005a	Cage change	Rat	Lewis	Cage change	2 h after lights on.	n.r.	No change.	Late increase during light/increase in middle of dark.
Tang et al. 2005a	Cage change	Rat	Wistar	Cage change	2 h after lights on.	n.r.	Mid dark phase increase.	Late increase during light.
Tang et al. 2005a	Cage change	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Cage change	2 h after lights on.	n.r.	No change.	Mid light phase decrease/mid dark phase increase.
Tang et al. 2005a	Open field	Rat	F334	Open field - 30 min	2 h after lights on.	n.r.	Late light phase increase.	Late light phase increase/early dark phase increase.
Tang et al. 2005a	Open field	Rat	Lewis	Open field - 30 min	2 h after lights on.	n.r.	Mid light phase decrease, late light phase increase.	Late light phase increase.
Tang et al. 2005a	Open field	Rat	Wistar	Open field - 30 min	2 h after lights on.	n.r.	Increase throughout dark.	Middle light phase decrease, late light phase increase/increase early to mid dark phase.
Tang et al. 2005a	Open field	Rat	Sprague-Dawley	Open field - 30 min	2 h after lights on.	n.r.	Late light phase increase.	Increase late light phase/increase early to mid dark phase.
Tang et al. 2004	Open field	Mouse	C57BL/6	Open field - 30 min	2.5 h after lights on	n.r.	No change.	Late light phase increase/mid dark phase increase.
Tang et al. 2004	Open field	Mouse	BALB/c	Open field - 30 min	2.5 h after lights on	n.r.	No change.	Mid light-phase decrease, early dark phase increase.
Tang et al. 2004	Open field	Mouse	DBA/2	Open field - 30 min	2.5 h after lights on	n.r.	Early light phase decrease/early to mid dark phase increase.	Mid light phase decrease/early to mid dark phase increase.
Tang et al. 2004	Open field	Mouse	F1 cross of C57/Balb	Open field - 30 min	2.5 h after lights on	n.r.	Early light phase decrease/early to mid dark phase increase.	Late might increase/early to mid dark phase increase.
Tang et al. 2004	Open field	Mouse	C57BL/6	Day after open field - 30 min	2.5 h after lights on 24-h prior to testing	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Tang et al. 2004	Open field	Mouse	BALB/c	Day after open field - 30 min	2.5 h after lights on 24-h prior to testing	n.r.	No change.	No change.
Tang et al. 2004	Open field	Mouse	DBA/2	Day after open field - 30 min	2.5 h after lights on 24-h prior to testing	n.r.	Mid light phase decrease/early to mid dark phase increase.	Early light phase decrease/mid dark increase.
Tang et al. 2004	Open field	Mouse	F1 cross of C57/Balb	Day after open field - 30 min	2.5 h after lights on 24-h prior to testing	n.r.	Early dark phase increase.	No change.