Table 3.

Living arrangements of children under 15 years of age: Karonga-cohort in 1998 (Malawi), Karonga-DSS in 2004 (Malawi), Kisesa-DSS in 2004 (Tanzania), and <18 years in Hlabisa-DSS in 2004 (South Africa)¹

	Non-orphan				Paternal orphan				Maternal orphan				Double orphan
	% Karonga-cohort	Karonga-DSS	% Kisesa-DSS	% Hlabisa-DSS	% Karonga-cohort	% Karonga-DSS	% Kisesa-DSS	% Hlabisa-DSS	% Karonga-cohort	% Karonga-DSS	% Kisesa-DSS	% Hlabisa-DSS	% Karonga-cohort	% Karonga-DSS	% Kisesa-DSS	% Hlabisa-DSS
Co-residency with parents
Both parents	86	71	63	27	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Mother only	6	15	20	47	77	68	53	70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Father only	5	4	4	4	–	–	–	–	68	41	25	19	–	–	–	–
Neither parent	3	10	13	22	23	32	43	30	32	59	75	81	100	100	100	100
Household head's relationship to child
Father	91	79	66	38	–	–	–	–	61	50	34	21	–	–	–	–
Mother	1	2	6	4	40	46	45	46	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Grandparent	4	17	22	42	30	43	30	28	18	38	40	47	29	69	50	44
Other relative	4	2	5	12	30	11	25	21	11	12	24	27	62	31	48	46
Non-relative	–	0	0.0	4	1	–	0	6	11	–	1.5	5	10	–	2	11
Age of household head (years)
<15	0	0	0	–	0	0	0	–	0	0	0	<1	0	0	0	–
15–17	0	<1	0	–	0	0	1	–	0	0	0	<1	0	0	0	–
18–29	2	14	9	2	1	5	11	5	7	10	6	4	19	9	12	15
30–39	35	31	29	15	19	20	17	20	7	18	18	12	10	10	14	13
40–49	33	24	27	31	30	24	28	32	39	19	20	25	33	14	15	18
50–59	19	14	19	24	21	15	20	18	32	18	19	23	10	16	20	17
60+	10	16	16	28	30	36	23	24	14	35	36	38	29	51	39	37
Sex of household head
Male	98	88	85	75	47	41	49	36	89	78	79	67	81	72	67	53
Female	2	12	15	25	53	59	51	64	11	22	21	33	19	28	33	47
Percentage living in a household with at least one woman 18–49	98	95	91	90	91	90	83	88	71	80	76	74	71	69	75	75
N	644	11,520	10,802	16,759	91	1,051	753	2,565	28	323	329	1,104	21	183	144	595

¹These estimates use data on only those children for whom the survival status of both parents is known.