Effect of the number of AAV2 particles per microbead on the infectivity of AAV2-microbead conjugates with and without Con A. AAV2-microbead conjugates were prepared as in Fig. 2 at varying numbers of AAV2 particles per microbead (0 – 676 AAV2 particles per microbead). These conjugates with and without the co-attachment of Con A were analyzed for their infectivity on HeLa, COLO 205, MIP-101, and SW620 cell lines. Cells were cultured in 24-well plates at 37°C for 24 hr (initial cell number per well: HeLa, 5 × 104; COLO 205, 1 × 105; MIP-101, 7.5 × 104; SW620, 1 × 105). AAV2-microbead conjugates with and without Con A, along with free, unmodified AAV2.CMV-LacZ, were applied to target cells (1 × 107 AAV2 particles per well for HeLa, and 1 × 108 AAV2 particles per well for COLO 205, MIP-101, and SW620) and incubated at 37°C for 48 hr. Cells were fixed with glutaraldehyde and stained for β-galactosidase activity using X-gal as the substrate. Then, the number of infected cells in each well was counted under a light microscope. Open bars, without Con A; solid bars, with Con A. Each datum shown is the average number of infected cells per well with a standard deviation (n = 16).