Figure 4.

Relationship between fluid shear stress and location at the RDB vessel base. Compuational simulation of shear stresses calculated at the vessel base with respect to distance away from centre axis, expressed as the ratio of base radius ($r$) to the impeller disc radius ($r_{\text{disk}}$)(Pa = pascal). The term “dimple” represents the small dome-shaped manufacturing artefact observed in the centre all RDB disposable vessels, representing a nonideal boundary.