Table 3.
Some pharmacological actions of cannabidiol
| References | |
|---|---|
| Examples of actions induced by CBD at <1 μM | |
| The orphan receptor, GPR55 (B) | Pertwee (2007b), Ryberg et al. (2007) |
| Evoked human neutrophil migration (−) | McHugh and Ross (2005) |
| Basal microglial cell migration (+) | Walter et al. (2003) |
| Evoked microglial cell migration (−) | Walter et al. (2003) |
| Mitogen-induced release of interferon-γ (+) | a |
| Effects induced by CB1/CB2 receptor agonists (−) | b |
| Adenosine uptake by cultured microglia and macrophages (−) | Carrier et al. (2006) |
| Activation of the putative abnormal CBD receptor (±) | a |
| Ca2+ uptake by rat brain synaptosomes (−) | a |
| Delayed rectifier K+ and L-type Ca2+ currents (−) | a |
| Cytochrome P450 enzyme activity (−) | a |
| Membrane fluidity (+) | a |
| Examples of actions induced by CBD at 1–10 μM | |
| CB2 receptor constitutive activity (−) | b |
| TRPV1 receptor (A) | Bisogno et al. (2001) |
| Activation of α1-adrenoceptors and μ-opioid receptors (−) | Pertwee et al. (2002) |
| Cellular uptake of anandamide (−) | Rakhshan et al. (2000) |
| Cellular uptake of palmitoylethanolamide (−) | a |
| Synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-HT and γ-aminobutyric acid (−) | a |
| Ca2+ release from intracellular stores in rat hippocampal neurons and glia (+) | Drysdale et al. (2006) |
| Release of certain cytokines (±) | a |
| Cancer cell proliferation (−) | a |
| Human keratinocyte proliferation (−) | Wilkinson and Williamson (2007) |
| Signs of neuroprotection (+) | a |
| Oxidative stress (−) | a |
| Mg2+-ATPase activity (−) | a |
| Noradrenaline-induced melatonin biosynthesis (−) | Koch et al. (2006) |
| Lipoxygenase activity (−) | a |
| Phospholipase A2 activity (+) | a |
| Membrane stability (+) | a |
| Release of certain cytokines (±) | a |
| Examples of actions induced by CBD at >10 μM | |
| Choline uptake by rat hippocampal homogenates (−) | a |
| Cellular uptake and metabolism of anandamide (−) | Bisogno et al. (2001) |
| Release of certain cytokines (±) | a |
| Cyclooxygenase activity (−) | a |
| Allosteric modulation of μ- and δ-opioid receptors (−) | Kathmann et al. (2006) |
| 5-HT1A receptor (A) | Russo et al. (2005) |
Abbreviations: CBD, (−)-cannabidiol; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1; A, activation; B, antagonism; (+), increase induced; (−), decrease induced.
a
See reviews by Pertwee (2004b, 2005a) for references, further details and additional actions of CBD.
b
See text.