Table 4.
Some CB1- and CB2-receptor-independent actions of Δ9-THC
| References | |
|---|---|
| Examples of actions induced by Δ9-THC at <1 μM | |
| The orphan receptor, GPR55 (A) | Pertwee (2007b), Ryberg et al. (2007) |
| Conductance in ligand-gated ion channels of 5-HT3 receptors (−) | a |
| Conductance in ligand-gated ion channels of glycine receptors (P) | Hejazi et al. (2006) |
| Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (A) | O'Sullivan et al. (2005) |
| Putative non-CB1, non-CB2, non-TRPV1 receptors on capsaicin-sensitive perivascular sensory neurons mediating CGRP release (+) | Zygmunt et al. (2002) |
| Adenosine uptake by cultured microglia and macrophages (−) | Carrier et al. (2006) |
| Synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline (+) | b |
| Synaptosomal uptake of dopamine (±) | b |
| Synaptosomal uptake of 5-HT (−) | b |
| Examples of actions induced by Δ9-THC at 1–10 μM | |
| Conductance in voltage-gated Na+ channels (−) | a |
| Conductance in Kv1.2 K+ voltage-gated channels (−) | a |
| Conductance in gap junctions between cells (−) | a |
| Oxidative stress (−) | a |
| Na+-K+-ATPase activity (−) | b |
| Mg2+-ATPase activity (±) | b |
| Noradrenaline-induced melatonin biosynthesis (−) | Koch et al. (2006) |
| Human keratinocyte proliferation (−) | Wilkinson and Williamson (2007) |
| Cellular uptake of anandamide (−) | Rakhshan et al. (2000) |
| Synaptosomal uptake of 5-HT (+) | b |
| Synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline, γ-aminobutyric acid and choline (−) | b |
| Synaptic conversion of tyrosine to noradrenaline and dopamine (+) | b |
| Fluidity of synaptic plasma membranes (+) | b |
| Monoamine oxidase activity (−) | b |
| Examples of actions induced by Δ9-THC at >10 μM | |
| TRPA1 receptors (A) | a |
| Allosteric modulation of μ- and δ-opioid receptors (−) | Kathmann et al. (2006) |
Abbreviations: CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; Δ9-THC, (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1; A, activation; P, potentiation; (+), increase induced; (−), decrease induced.
a
See review by Oz (2006) for references and further details.
b
See review by Pertwee (1988) for references, further details and additional actions of Δ9-THC.