Age (years), mean (SD) |
35.9 (7.5) |
39.0 (8.3) |
0.0003 |
Race/Ethnicity, frequency (%) |
|
|
|
Hispanic |
57 (31.5) |
61 (37.9) |
<0.0001 |
Non-Hispanic black |
68 (37.6) |
22 (13.7) |
Non-Hispanic white |
48 (26.5) |
70 (43.5) |
Other non-Hispanic |
8 (4.4) |
8 (5.0) |
Education, frequency (%) |
|
|
|
High school or above |
78 (43.1) |
78 (48.5) |
0.3211 |
Less than high school |
103 (56.9) |
83 (51.5) |
Employment status upon admission, frequency (%) |
|
|
|
Employed |
11 (6.1) |
16 (9.9) |
0.1863 |
Unemployed |
170 (93.9) |
145 (90.1) |
Court-ordered to participate in substance abuse or mental health services, frequency (%) |
|
|
|
Yes |
60 (33.3) |
35 (21.7) |
0.0171 |
No |
120 (66.7) |
126 (78.3) |
Arrested in past 30 days before admission, frequency (%) |
|
|
|
Yes |
8 (4.4) |
1 (0.6) |
0.0285 |
No |
173 (95.6) |
160 (99.4) |
Modality, frequency (%) |
|
|
|
Residential programs |
51 (28.2) |
71 (44.1) |
0.0010 |
Outpatient programs |
71 (39.2) |
36 (22.4) |
Methadone treatments |
59 (32.6) |
54 (33.5) |
Living in controlled environment in past 30 days, frequency (%) |
53 (29.3) |
61 (37.9) |
0.0919 |
Follow-up rate, % (no. of subjects) |
|
|
|
6 months |
77 (140) |
75 (120) |
Ns |
12 months |
77 (140) |
78 (125) |
Ns |
Both 6 and 12 months |
69 (124) |
68 (109) |
Ns |