Table 3.
Clinical characteristics and changes of scores from baseline to follow-up among surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis patients in relation to depression status
| Variable | Normal mooda (n = 79) | Continuous depressionb (n = 12) | Depression recoveredc (n = 7) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stucki score | |||
| Severity (median(IQRd)) | |||
| At baseline | 3.30 (2.98–3.70) | 3.50 (3.18–4.00) | 3.3 (3.00–3.70) |
| At follow-up | 2.30 (1.90–2.70) | 3.10 (2.60–3.30) | 2.60 (2.4–2.9) |
| Change | 1.00 (0.50–1.40) | 0.40 (0.00–1.00)*,e | 0.70 (0.20–1.43) |
| 95% CIf for mean | 0.85–1.13 | 0.16–0.82 | 0.26–1.26 |
| Stucki score | |||
| Disability (mean(SD)) | |||
| At baseline | 2.46 (0.48) | 2.80 (0.34) | 2.43 (0.50) |
| At follow-up | 1.77 (0.55) | 2.30 (0.56) | 1.77 (0.44) |
| Change | 0.69 (0.59) | 0.50 (0.52) | 0.66 (0.64) |
| 95% CI for mean | 0.57–0.83 | 0.23–0.90 | 0.07–1.25 |
| Oswestry % (mean (SD)) | |||
| At baseline | 41.19 (15.03) | 56.13 (11.24) | 46.79 (9.90) |
| At follow-up | 23.42 (16.89) | 48.33 (17.60) | 29.86 (18.57) |
| Change | 17.77 (13.94) | 7.79 (14.74)* | 16.92 (21.64) |
| 95% CI for Mean | 14.83–21.27 | −2.22 to 18.49 | −3.08 to 36.94 |
| Pain drawing; markings (median (IQR)) | |||
| At baseline | 16.00 (11.00–28.50) | 24.00 (20.25–42.25) | 9.00 (4.00–23.00) |
| At follow-up | 11.47 (4.00–14.00) | 16.00 (9.00–34.75) | 5.00 (4.00–16.00) |
| Change | 4.53 (2.00–15.25) | 8.00 (1.25–23.00) | 4.00 (0.00–14.00) |
| 95% CI for mean | 6.35–12.46 | −2.83 to 22.10 | −1.15 to 12.00 |
| VAS; millimetres (mean(SD)) | |||
| At baseline | 31.14 (23.81) | 40.17 (23.38) | 36.86 (27.14) |
| At follow-up | 17.25 (21.36) | 32.25 (27.48) | 18.29 (15.86) |
| Change | 13.89 (24.43) | 7.92 (28.93)* | 18.57 (25.36) |
| 95% CI for mean | 8.41–19.36 | −10.47 to 26.30 | −4.88 to 42.02 |
| Walking capacity; meters (mean(SD)) | |||
| At baseline | 1,498.66 (1,942.95) | 1,022.50 (904.37) | 1,514.29 (1,335.95) |
| At follow-up | 5,136.94 (22,332.02) | 1,400.00 (1,373.12) | 1,528.57 (1,142.68) |
| Change | 3,838.28 (1,373.12) | 377.50 (1,299.33)* | 14.29 (1,165.37)* |
| 95% CI for mean | −1,133.12 to 8,410.28 | −1,281.47 to 548.74 | −1,063.50 to 1,092.08 |
| Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score (mean(SD)) | |||
| At baseline | 7.92 (3.73) | 20.50 (5.81) | 17.14 (2.19) |
| At follow-up | 6.04 (4.13) | 18.83 (3.33) | 10.71 (2.56) |
| Change | −1.89 (3.74) | −1.66 (5.37) | −6.43 (4.04)** |
| 95% CI for mean | 1.25–2.91 | −1.01 to 5.74 | 2.69–10.16 |
aNormal mood (BDI-score ≤ 14) both at baseline and follow-up
bDepressed (BDI-score ≥ 15) both at baseline and follow-up
cDepression (BDI-score ≥ 15) at baseline but not at follow-up
dInterquartile range
et test/Mann–Whitney U test for two independent groups of observations, comparing means of change of scores between the depression status group [continuous depression (n = 12)/recovered (n = 7)] with the normal mood group (n = 79)
fConfidence interval
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01