Table 3.
Dietary Intake and Exercise Before-and-After Lifestyle Intervention
| Variables* | Intervention Group (n = 169) | Control Group (n = 166) | P‡ | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Difference | 95% CI | p† | Before | After | Difference | 95% CI | p† | ||
| Total calories (kcal/day) | 1,978.6 ± 692.5 | 1,904.0 ± 631.6 | −74.6 | −153.3 41.4 | .06 | 1,993.1 ± 633.8 | 2,018.8 ± 583.1 | 25.8 | −43.7 95.2 | .46 | .06 |
| Total fat (% energy) | 35.3 ± 5.2 | 32.7 ± 6.5 | −2.64 | −3.52 −1.76 | <.001 | 35.0 ± 5.8 | 35.0 ± 6.8 | −0.02 | −1.30 1.25 | .97 | <.001 |
| Saturated fat (% energy) | 12.3 ± 2.6 | 10.3 ± 3.7 | −1.97 | −2.53 −1.41 | <.001 | 12.0 ± 2.6 | 11.8 ± 3.3 | −0.17 | −0.72 0.38 | .54 | <.001 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (% energy) | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 1.8 | 0.99 | 0.73 1.25 | <.001 | 4.1 ± 1.2 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | −0.04 | −0.32 0.24 | .78 | <.001 |
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | 48.2 ± 7.1 | 50.3 ± 7.7 | 2.14 | 1.02 3.26 | <.001 | 48.7 ± 7.0 | 47.8 ± 8.2 | −0.89 | −2.33 0.55 | .22 | .001 |
| Protein (% energy) | 16.5 ± 2.3 | 16.6 ± 5.6 | 0.09 | −0.80 0.98 | .84 | 16.3 ± 2.4 | 16.1 ± 4.7 | −0.21 | −0.89 0.47 | .54 | .60 |
| Fiber (g/day) | 19.2 ± 6.4 | 20.9 ± 6.6 | 1.70 | 1.11 2.29 | <.001 | 19.4 ± 7.8 | 19.6 ± 7.9 | 0.17 | −0.30 0.64 | .47 | <.001 |
| Physical activity (metabolic equivalent of activity –hr/week) | 18.9 ± 13.3 | 23.6 ± 17.7 | 4.73 | 2.91 6.55 | <.001 | 18.1 ± 16.0 | 17.8 ± 15.2 | −0.26 | −0.92 0.40 | .43 | <.001 |
All data are complete.
*Descriptive data, before and after intervention, are expressed as means ± standard deviation; absolute difference (end-of-study minus baseline values) with 95% CI
†p values obtained by comparing differences in the variable values within each group, using t test for paired-data
‡p values obtained by comparing differences in the variable values between the two groups, using Student’s t test.