Table 3.

Dietary Intake and Exercise Before-and-After Lifestyle Intervention

Variables*	Intervention Group (n = 169)					Control Group (n = 166)					P‡
	Before	After	Difference	95% CI	p†	Before	After	Difference	95% CI	p†
Total calories (kcal/day)	1,978.6 ± 692.5	1,904.0 ± 631.6	−74.6	−153.3 41.4	.06	1,993.1 ± 633.8	2,018.8 ± 583.1	25.8	−43.7 95.2	.46	.06
Total fat (% energy)	35.3 ± 5.2	32.7 ± 6.5	−2.64	−3.52 −1.76	<.001	35.0 ± 5.8	35.0 ± 6.8	−0.02	−1.30 1.25	.97	<.001
Saturated fat (% energy)	12.3 ± 2.6	10.3 ± 3.7	−1.97	−2.53 −1.41	<.001	12.0 ± 2.6	11.8 ± 3.3	−0.17	−0.72 0.38	.54	<.001
Polyunsaturated fat (% energy)	4.3 ± 1.3	5.3 ± 1.8	0.99	0.73 1.25	<.001	4.1 ± 1.2	4.1 ± 1.5	−0.04	−0.32 0.24	.78	<.001
Carbohydrate (% energy)	48.2 ± 7.1	50.3 ± 7.7	2.14	1.02 3.26	<.001	48.7 ± 7.0	47.8 ± 8.2	−0.89	−2.33 0.55	.22	.001
Protein (% energy)	16.5 ± 2.3	16.6 ± 5.6	0.09	−0.80 0.98	.84	16.3 ± 2.4	16.1 ± 4.7	−0.21	−0.89 0.47	.54	.60
Fiber (g/day)	19.2 ± 6.4	20.9 ± 6.6	1.70	1.11 2.29	<.001	19.4 ± 7.8	19.6 ± 7.9	0.17	−0.30 0.64	.47	<.001
Physical activity (metabolic equivalent of activity –hr/week)	18.9 ± 13.3	23.6 ± 17.7	4.73	2.91 6.55	<.001	18.1 ± 16.0	17.8 ± 15.2	−0.26	−0.92 0.40	.43	<.001

All data are complete.

*Descriptive data, before and after intervention, are expressed as means ± standard deviation; absolute difference (end-of-study minus baseline values) with 95% CI

^†p values obtained by comparing differences in the variable values within each group, using t test for paired-data

‡p values obtained by comparing differences in the variable values between the two groups, using Student’s t test.