Table 4.
Clinical Characteristics and Blood Variables Before-and-After Lifestyle Intervention
| Variables* | Intervention Group (n = 169) | Control Group (n = 166) | P‡ | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Difference | 95% CI | p† | Before | After | Difference | 95% CI | p† | ||
| Weight (kg) | 81.7 ± 14.9 | 81.0 ± 15.7 | −0.75 | −1.49 −0.003 | .049 | 81.3 ± 13.5 | 82.9 ± 14.0 | 1.63 | 0.83 2.42 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Waist (cm) | 99.6 ± 11.6 | 97.1 ± 11.8 | −2.55 | −3.33 −1.76 | <.001 | 99.8 ± 10.6 | 101.7 ± 10.4 | 1.96 | 0.95 2.98 | <.001 | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.7 ± 4.1 | 29.4 ± 4.4 | −0.29 | −0.56 −0.02 | .017 | 29.8 ± 4.6 | 30.4 ± 4.8 | 0.61 | 0.31 0.91 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 142.6 ± 14.1 | 140.7 ± 17.7 | −1.99 | −4.82 0.84 | .17 | 141.5 ± 15.2 | 146.3 ± 18.2 | 4.79 | 2.21 7.38 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 88.2 ± 8.8 | 85.7 ± 8.9 | −2.57 | −3.97 −1.16 | <.001 | 87.8 ± 9.5 | 87.6 ± 10.6 | −0.28 | −1.80 1.24 | .72 | .03 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 0.9 | −0.26 | −0.36 −0.16 | <.001 | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 0.07 | −0.02 0.16 | .13 | <.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | −0.0006 | −0.13 0.13 | .99 | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 0.06 | −0.08 0.19 | .41 | .55 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.02 | −0.003 0.04 | .10 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | −0.07 | −0.09 −0.04 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)§ | 1.9 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.7) | −0.24∥ | −0.33 −0.15 | <.001 | 1.9 (0.9) | 1.8 (1.1) | −0.06∥ | −0.16 0.03 | .09 | <.001¶ |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L)§ | 20.4 (24.0) | 20.4 (32.4) | 0∥ | −2.40 2.16 | .85 | 21.3 (31.2) | 57.0 (49.0) | 33.0∥ | 27.6 39.0 | <.001 | <.001¶ |
| HOMA (μU/mL×mmol/L)§ | 0.81 (1.11) | 0.80 (1.27) | −0.03∥ | −0.13 0.07 | .21 | 0.84 (1.33) | 2.51 (2.37) | 1.42∥ | 1.16 1.69 | <.001 | <.001¶ |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L)§ | 3.50 (4.60) | 2.40 (2.80) | −0.80∥ | −1.20 −0.40 | <.001 | 3.10 (3.60) | 4.00 (4.00) | 0.60∥ | 0.40 0.90 | <.001 | <.001¶ |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 216.7 ± 56.3 | 202.4 ± 60.0 | −14.3 | −20.0 −8.6 | <.001 | 223.6 ± 59.5 | 284.2 ± 76.6 | 60.7 | 52.6 68.7 | <.001 | <.001 |
All data are complete.
BMI=body mass index; HOMA=Homeostasis-Model-Assessment score for Insulin Resistance; hs-CRP=high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
*Descriptive data, before and after intervention, are expressed as means ± standard deviation; absolute difference (end-of-study minus baseline values) with 95% CI
†p values obtained by comparing differences in the variable values within each group, using t test for paired data
‡p values obtained by comparing differences in the variable values between the two groups, using Student t test (except for p values marked with ¶);
§Median ± inter-quartile range for not normally distributed values;
∥End-of-study minus baseline median differences, (the median difference is not necessarily the difference between medians); 95% CI calculated by robust Hodges–Lehmann test;
¶p values obtained by comparing differences in the variable values between the two groups using Wilcoxon rank sum (Mann–Whitney) test.