Table 5.

Association Between Intervention and Each After-Study Metabolic Condition

Metabolic Conditions:	Intervention Group (n = 169)		Control Group (n = 166)		OR*	95% CI	P
	Before	After	Before	After
Metabolic syndrome or hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/L plus 2 components (%)	100	52.1	100	92.8	0.08	0.04–0.16	<.001
Metabolic syndrome (%)†	70.4	34.9	72.3	65.7	0.28	0.18–0.44	<.001
Metabolic syndrome components(%)†
Central obesity	76.9	60.4	75.9	80.7	0.33	0.20–0.56	<.001
Hypertension	94.1	84.6	93.4	89.2	0.67	0.35–1.29	.23
Hyperglycemia	37.3	16.0	39.8	48.8	0.19	0.11–0.32	<.001
Low HDL cholesterol	18.3	18.3	15.1	15.1	1.26	0.70–2.26	.43
Hypertriglyceridemia	63.9	39.1	65.1	56.6	0.48	0.31–0.75	.001
Hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/L (%)	56.2	34.9	50.6	66.3	0.26	0.16–0.41	<.001
Diabetes (%)	–	1.8	–	7.2	0.23	0.06–0.85	.03
Impaired fasting glucose (%)	37.3	14.2	39.8	41.6	0.22	0.13–0.39	<.001
Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2)	91.7	83.4	85.5	89.8	0.58	0.30–1.10	.10
No. of components of the metabolic syndrome:					OR‡	95% CI	P
0–1	–	21.3	–	6.6
2	29.6	43.8	27.7	27.7
3	56.2	29.0	60.2	35.5	0.24	0.16–0.37	<.001
≥4	14.2	5.9	12.1	30.1

Hs-CRP= high-sensitivity C-reactive protein

*OR and 95% CI estimated through a multiple logistic regression model for each metabolic condition at the end of the study (intervention vs control group), adjusted for age, sex, and level of education.

^†The metabolic syndrome was defined in the presence of ≥3 of the following five criteria: fasting glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L; blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg; triglycerides ≥1.69 mmol/L; HDL cholesterol <1.29 mmol/L (females) and <1.04 mmol/L (males); waist circumference >88 cm (females) and >102 cm (males) [8].

^‡Ordinal logistic regression (score test for the proportional odds assumption: p = .20)