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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2007 Jul 15;179(2):1080–1087. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.1080

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Effect of cytokines and TLR ligands on the up-regulation of TSLP in airway epithelial cells. A, NHBE were incubated for 6 h with 100 ng/ml TNF-α, 100 ng/ml IL-4, 100 ng/ml IL-13, 1000 U/ml IFN-β, 100 ng/ml IFN-γ, 100 ng/ml IFN-λ1, 100 ng/ml TGF-β, 1 µg/ml Pam3CSK4, 10 µg/ml PGN, 10 µg/ml LTA, 25 µg/ml dsRNA, 1 µg/ml LPS, 10 ng/ml flagellin, 1 µg/ml FSL-1, 10 µg/ml R-837, and 4 µg/ml CpG-C as indicated and then mRNA was extracted and analyzed for TSLP using real-time PCR. B, NHBE were incubated for 6 h with 2.5–25,000 ng/ml dsRNA and then the expression of mRNA for TSLP was analyzed by real-time PCR. C, NHBE were incubated with 25 µg/ml dsRNA (●) or vehicle control (■) for 1–48 h and then the expression of mRNA for TSLP was analyzed by real-time PCR. The copy number is expressed as the number of transcripts per nanogram of total RNA. D, Detection of TSLP protein by ELISA in the culture supernatant of NHBE stimulated with cytokines and dsRNA for 24 h. Results shown are mean ± SEM of 4–7 independent experiments. N.D., not detectable. *, p < 0.05.