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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2007 Nov 14;104(3):683–695. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05072.x

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Oxidative stress increases presenilin (PS) 1/PEN2 expression and the γ-secretase activity. (a) PS1 and (b) PEN-2 mRNA levels were significantly increased, as revealed by real-time PCR, after treatment of SK-N-BE neuroblastoma cells with 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) or H2O2. Pre-treatment of cells with 1 μmol/L actinomycin D was able to completely rescue the increase of PS1 and PEN2 expression. (c) A significant increase of γ-secretase activity on the amyloid precursor protein (APP)-Gal4 fusion protein, as shown by the luciferase reporter assay, occurs after treatment of SK-N-BE neuroblastoma cells with oxidative agents. Values are expressed as arbitrary units of luminescence. (d) and (e) Incubation of SK-N-BE cells with HNE and H2O2 resulted in a significant increase of intracellular and secreted Aβx-40 and Aβx-42. Experiments were performed in triplicate; *p < 0.05 versus control.