FIG. 1.

E. histolytica DNA activates macrophage TNF-α production. (A) Real-time PCR analysis was performed on RAW 264.7 macrophage mRNA collected after 3 h of in vitro incubation with increasing amounts of E. histolytica (E.h) DNA (1 to 25 μg/ml). Data are represented as severalfold increases over medium-only control results for mRNA expression. (B) TNF-α mRNA levels of RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with CpG-ODN or GpC-ODN (2 μM), E. histolytica DNA (30 μg/ml), or LPS (1 μg/ml) for 3 h. Data points represent means ± standard errors of the means of the results obtained from three experiments.