FIG. 3.

Effects of simple and complex carbohydrates on C. perfringens gliding motility. Rapidly metabolized carbohydrates (Fru, fructose; Gal, galactose; Lac, lactose; Suc, sucrose) and complex carbohydrates (Raf, raffinose) commonly used to enhance sporulation and CPE production in Spo0A-proficient C. perfringens strains were assayed for their abilities to affect gliding motility. The gliding phenotypes of the gas gangrene producer and Spo0A-deficient strain 13 and the Spo0A-proficient and food poisoning strain NCTC8239 are shown. Top-bottom photographs were taken after 96 h of anaerobic incubation at 37°C on TYA plates supplemented with the corresponding concentrations of sugar as indicated.