TABLE 3.
Ratios of antibiotic concentrations (or AUCs) in ELF or cells compared to serum (or unbound free serum) levelsa
| Antibiotic | Celf/Cs | Ccell/Cs | Celf/Cfs | Ccell/Cfs | AUCelf/AUCs | AUCcell/AUCs | AUCelf/AUCfs | AUCcell/AUCfs | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta-lactams | |||||||||
| Amoxicillin | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 34 | ||||
| Cefdinir | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 32 | ||||
| Cefdinir | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 32 | ||||
| Meropenem | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 22 | ||||
| Meropenem | 0.43 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.15 | 22 | ||||
| Macrolides | |||||||||
| Azithromycin | 6.30-31.33 | 718.00-6,841.33 | 8.18-62.67 | 932.47-13,682.67 | 13.31 | 2,284.69 | 20.83 | 3,574.83 | 15 |
| Azithromycin | 12.63-24.40 | 533.75-1,010.00 | 19.73-48.80 | 833.98-2,020.00 | 21.29 | 748.46 | 34.95 | 1,228.54 | 88 |
| Azithromycin | 2.53-57.78 | 415.73-9,806.45 | 3.28-115.56 | 539.91-19,612.90 | 24.10 | 3,234.81 | 34.01 | 4,564.69 | 77 |
| Azithromycin | 4.60-20.43 | 1,756.49-5,242.86 | 5.60-26.53 | 2,142.06-6,808.91 | 5.59 | 1,828.54 | 8.87 | 3,320.07 | 87 |
| Clarithromycin | 5.17 | 94.12 | 25.83 | 470.58 | 53,86 | ||||
| Clarithromycin | 12.38-20.00 | 141.94-432.17 | 61.89-100.00 | 709.68-2,160.87 | 15.42 | 191.18 | 77.11 | 955.88 | 86,88 |
| Clarithromycin | 13.32-60.75 | 98.73-721.40 | 66.59-303.75 | 493.65-3,607.00 | 30.27 | 248.47 | 151.36 | 1,242.34 | 21,86 |
| Clarithromycin | 10.34-25.29 | 444.94-2,131.58 | 51.70-126.43 | 2224.68-10657.89 | 15.33 | 626.31 | 76.65 | 3,131.54 | 80,86 |
| Clarithromycin | 39.60 | 181.00 | 198.00 | 905.00 | 19,86 | ||||
| Clarithromycin | 4.13-38.97 | 169.33-657.69 | 20.65-194.87 | 846.67-3,288.46 | 8.34 | 217.55 | 41.71 | 1,087.73 | 44 |
| Telithromycin | 4.83-14.91 | 42.98-418.18 | 16.08-49.70 | 143.27-1,393.94 | 6.44 | 124.92 | 21.48 | 416.42 | 72 |
| Telithromycin | 5.38-6.65 | 36.39-154.60 | 17.94-22.16 | 121.29-515.33 | 57 | ||||
| Telithromycin | 8.01-14.22 | 37.27-2,019.63 | 26.68-47.39 | 124.23-6,732.08 | 9.23 | 338.47 | 30.76 | 1128.24 | 60 |
| Telithromycin | 2.27-6.27 | 48.94-240.27 | 7.57-20.91 | 163.15-800.91 | 3.15 | 84.18 | 10.49 | 280.62 | 78 |
| Cethromycin | 7.50-20.00 | 67.50-317.50 | 75.00-200.00 | 675.00-3,175.00 | 12.64 | 178.27 | 126.39 | 1782.71 | 27 |
| Cethromycin | 7.11-10.00 | 90.40-670.00 | 71.05-100.00 | 904.00-6,700.00 | 7.87 | 207.43 | 78.74 | 2,074.34 | 27 |
| Fluoroquinolones | |||||||||
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.00-0.89 | 12.36-28.75 | 0.00-1.27 | 17.66-41.07 | 0.82 | 15.62 | 1.174 | 22.31 | 45 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.90 | 2.32 | 1.29 | 3.31 | 91 | ||||
| Ciprofloxacin | 1.85 | 7.7 | 2.64 | 11.00 | 97 | ||||
| Ciprofloxacin | 2.13 | 11.84 | 3.04 | 16.91 | 9 | ||||
| Clinafloxacin | 1.77 | 10.20 | 1.86 | 10.73 | 51 | ||||
| Garenoxacin | 0.92-1.65 | 10.58-18.27 | 3.67-6.59 | 42.33-73.09 | 1.34 | 13.89 | 5.38 | 55.57 | 3 |
| Gatifloxacin | 1.51-1.75 | 17.51-36.67 | 1.89-2.19 | 21.89-45.84 | 1.77 | 24.94 | 2.21 | 31.17 | 52 |
| Grepafloxacin | 10.49-14.88 | 99.96-268.65 | 15.35-29.76 | 199.92-537.30 | 12.03 | 175.75 | 24.05 | 351.50 | 33 |
| Levofloxacin | 1.49-3.00 | 5.38-6.14 | 2.29-4.61 | 8.27-9.45 | 2.08 | 5.90 | 3.20 | 9.07 | 15 |
| Levofloxacin | 1.17-2.10 | 11.95-23.00 | 1.80-3.24 | 18.39-35.38 | 1.94 | 15.71 | 2.99 | 24.16 | 45 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.86-2.26 | 8.77-8.94 | 1.32-3.48 | 13.50-13.75 | 1.90 | 8.83 | 2.92 | 13.59 | 45 |
| Levofloxacin | 0.80-3.00 | 4.00-9.60 | 1.23-4.62 | 6.15-14.77 | 2.15 | 7.23 | 3.30 | 11.13 | 5 |
| Levofloxacin | 1.53-2.58 | 11.23-17.70 | 2.36-3.97 | 17.27-27.23 | 1.75 | 12.82 | 2.69 | 19.72 | 87 |
| Levofloxacin | 1.72-2.06 | 12.47-22.22 | 2.64-3.17 | 19.19-34.18 | 1.59 | 14.44 | 2.45 | 22.22 | 87 |
| Levofloxacin | 2.69 | 4.90 | 4.14 | 7.54 | 28 | ||||
| Lomefloxacin | 1.86 | 20.47 | 2.07 | 22.74 | 9 | ||||
| Moxifloxacin | 5.18-7.00 | 17.61-70.39 | 9.58-12.96 | 32.61-130.36 | 5.18 | 13.59 | 9.59 | 25.16 | 93 |
| Moxifloxacin | 3.61-7.32 | 14.76-55.77 | 6.54-13.56 | 27.33-103.28 | 4.92 | 27.33 | 9.11 | 50.61 | 15 |
| Pefloxacin | 13.10-13.44 | 13.78-18.69 | 17.46-17.91 | 18.37-24.92 | 79 | ||||
| Rufloxacin | 5.08-11.67 | 9.97-27.17 | 12.71-29.17 | 24.93-67.92 | 7.66 | 21.55 | 19.14 | 53.88 | 99 |
| Sparfloxacin | 8.17-17.00 | 42.63-126.33 | 13.61-28.33 | 71.04-210.56 | 12.60 | 61.24 | 21.00 | 102.07 | 100 |
| Sparfloxacin | 12.50 | 44.75 | 20.83 | 74.58 | 100 | ||||
| Sparfloxacin | 19.27-65.71 | 29.18-71.63 | 32.12-109.52 | 48.64-119.39 | 31.93 | 40.71 | 53.22 | 67.85 | 91 |
| Temafloxacin | 3.13 | 5.7 | 4.22 | 7.70 | 97 | ||||
| Temafloxacin | 3.06 | 8.81 | 4.14 | 11.91 | 8 | ||||
| Trovafloxacin | 2.16-5.53 | 13.32-22.55 | 16.62-42.54 | 102.46-173.46 | 3.65 | 17.55 | 28.09 | 135.01 | 4 |
| Trovafloxacin | 5.85 | 24.10 | 45.00 | 185.38 | 4 | ||||
| Others | |||||||||
| Pyrazinamide | 13.60-24.76 | 0.49-1.09 | 27.20-49.51 | 0.98-2.17 | 20 | ||||
| Ethionamide | 6.57-10.33 | 0.33-0.71 | 9.39-14.76 | 0.48-1.02 | 30 | ||||
| Linezolid | 2.38-4.22 | 0.11-0.17 | 3.45-6.12 | 0.16-0.24 | 3.29 | 0.15 | 4.77 | 0.22 | 26 |
| Linezolid | 8.35 | 0.71 | 12.10 | 1.03 | 54 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 0.14-0.56 | 2.33-5.44 | 14.29-55.56 | 233.33-544.44 | 0.22 | 2.94 | 21.51 | 293.60 | 25 |
| Tigecyline | 1.32 | 77.46 | 5.27 | 309.83 | 23 | ||||
| Rifampin | 0.17-0.31 | 0.71-1.50 | 0.83-1.56 | 3.54-7.50 | 18 | ||||
| Rifampin | 0.34 | 16.26 | 1.70 | 81.30 | 103 | ||||
| Ethambutol | 0.92-1.13 | 19.17-48.24 | 1.22-1.51 | 25.56-64.31 | 26 | ||||
| Isoniazid fast acetylator | 1.74-5.88 | 1.48-13.42 | 1.74-5.88 | 1.48-13.42 | 29 | ||||
| Isoniazid slow acetylator | 1.37-5.69 | 0.74-4.40 | 1.37-5.69 | 0.74-4.40 | 29 | ||||
| Rifapentine | 0.14-0.24 | 0.18-0.38 | 6.14-10.60 | 7.67-16.35 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 9.28 | 11.12 | 31 |
a
Cs, serum concentration; Cfs, free serum concentration; AUCs, area under the concentration-time curve in serum.