SHDAg-NoLS mutant could support the initiation of HDV antigenomic RNA synthesis but not that of genomic RNA synthesis. (A) In vitro transcribed mRNAs of SHDAg (clone d) or SHDAg-NoLS mutants (clones d-2 and d-3) were cotransfected with HDV genomic RNA to Huh7 cells. Cellular RNAs and proteins were extracted 6 days posttransfection, and the expression of HDV antigenomic RNA and HDAg was analyzed. (B) The same as the experiment as shown in panel A except that antigenomic RNA was used for transfection. G, genomic; AG, antigenomic; P, positive control; N, untransfected cells; α, anti; WB, Western blotting.