HAstV-1 CP binds to the A chain of C1q. (A) The indicated complement factors were loaded onto a 7.5% SDS-PAGE gel in the absence of boiling or reduction. Proteins were then transferred to nitrocellulose, blocked, and probed with CP for 1 h. (B) An identical blot that did not receive the CP probe. Blots were subsequently washed and probed with antibody to HAstV-1 particles. (C and D) The indicated proteins were boiled, reduced, resolved in 12% SDS-PAGE gels, and transferred to nitrocellulose. Overlay blotting was then carried out as described above, with one blot receiving the probe (C), while the other did not (D). (E) Both overlay blots were stripped and reprobed with antibodies to C1q, C1r, and C1s. Only one reprobed blot is shown, as both blots yielded identical results. Molecular size markers (in kDa) are indicated to the left.