Effect of NRTI exposures on HepG2 cell numbers. Cell cultures were exposed to 10-fold or 100-fold the Cmax levels of the NRTIs listed, and cell numbers were determined after 5, 10, or 15 days. Values represent the percentage of 0.1% DMSO vehicle-only control cultures and represent the means ± the SD of three to six independent experiments. The duration of culture was 5 days (▪), 10 days (░⃞), and 15 days (□). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.001 (Dunnett's multiple-comparison test).