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. 2008 Jan 1;31(1):79–90. doi: 10.1093/sleep/31.1.79

Table 4.

Change in ESS Total Scores over 6 Months

LS Mean Change From Baseline
Placebo (n = 349) Zolpidem Extended-Release 12.5 mg n = 667) P
Month 1 −1.1 −1.5 0.0943
Month 2 −1.2 −2.0 0.0004
Month 3 −1.3 −2.3 0.0002
Month 4 −1.5 −2.4 0.0007
Month 5 −1.8 −2.5 0.0167
Month 6 −2.0 −2.3 0.3137

ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; LS = least squares.

ESS maximum score = 24; minimum = 0.

The increasing negative values indicate increasing improvement from baseline.