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. 1998 Oct 1;112(4):391–408. doi: 10.1085/jgp.112.4.391

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Fluorescence quenching near the S4 segment as a function of polarization. (top) Normalized decrease in fluorescence (−ΔF) as a function of excitation and emission polarization for M356C W434F. The four possible polarization measurements are north–south exciter with perpendicular emitter (•), north– south exciter with parallel emitter (▿), east–west exciter with perpendicular emitter (▪), and east–west exciter with parallel emitter (⋄). Error bars = SEM (n = 4). (bottom) Normalized decrease in fluorescence (−ΔF) as a function of excitation and emission polarization for A359C W434F. Designated symbols are identical to those in the top panel. Error bars = SEM (n = 3).