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. 1998 Nov 1;112(5):569–576. doi: 10.1085/jgp.112.5.569

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Double challenge with photolysis of DM-nitrophen. (A) The release of calcium after photolysis of DM-nitrophen leads to submaximal extents of fusion. The time-dependent changes in the calcium concentration during the two challenges are indicated. The calcium concentration during the second challenge increases to concentrations >60 μM (data not shown). Calcium concentration is monitored using Rhod-2 fluorescence. (B) The calcium at the onset of fusion after the second challenge is indicated by point 3. The horizontal lines define the peak-to-peak noise envelope and the first detectable fusion event is indicated. Point 1 marks the beginning of UV irradiation, point 2 marks the time at which the calcium concentration matches the peak transient (first challenge), and point 3 marks the onset of fusion. The data were collected using a sample time of 0.02 s with an offset of 0.01 s between light scattering and fluorescence data.