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. 1999 Sep 1;114(3):429–444. doi: 10.1085/jgp.114.3.429

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© 1999 The Rockefeller University Press

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

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Definition of GAT1-mediated currents and I–V relations. (A) Chart record of membrane current at 0 mV: extracellular and cytoplasmic solutions were as indicated in millimolar. Outward GAT1 current was activated by applying 20 mM cytoplasmic GABA in the presence of 120 mM cytoplasmic NaCl. After washing off all cytoplasmic substrates with 120 mM NMG-MES, extracellular solution was changed to 120 mM NaCl via pipette perfusion. Inward GAT1 current was then turned on and off by adding and removing 0.2 mM GABA_o from the pipette solution. (B) I–V protocol and the corresponding membrane current responses at the time points indicated in A. (C) I–V relations of GABA-defined outward and inward GAT1 current. The median current amplitudes during the last 3 ms of each voltage step in B are plotted against membrane potential.