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. 2007 Aug 30;26(18):4149–4159. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601840

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Progressive elevation of D-Ser levels in spinal cords from mutant SOD1 transgenic mice. (A) A lumbar spinal cord from a non-Tg mouse at 16 weeks was labeled with neurofilament marker SMI32 (green) and a Nissl reagent (red). The indicated squared region including a spinal ventral horn was analyzed in most IF experiments in this study unless otherwise mentioned. (B) IF analysis with rabbit anti-D-Ser antibody was performed on lumbar spinal cord sections from non-Tg and G93A-SOD1 Tg mice (ALS mice) at 9, 16, and 21 weeks. Shown are typical results of stained images and surrounded areas with dotted lines indicate ventral horns (left). Scale bars=100 μm. Total accumulated D-Ser levels were measured as relative total fluorescence intensities in spinal ventral horns of sections from mice at each stage (N=4 for each) (right). (C) Tissue D-Ser levels of spinal cords from non-Tg and ALS mice at 16 weeks were measured by chemiluminescence assay. Values are presented as percentages of levels in spinal cords of non-Tg (100%)±s.e.m. The average chemiluminescence intensity of spinal cords extracts from ALS mice showed 51.4% increase compared with that of non-Tg. (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001; error bars represent s.e.m.).