Freshly isolated endothelial cells were loaded with fura-2 to measure [Ca2+]pn. Panel A, in Ca2+-free HBS containing 145 mmol l−1 Na+ without (control, ○, continuous line) or with 25 μmmu;mol l−1 ryanodine (•, dashed line) endothelial cells were stimulated with 100 nmol l−1 Bk followed by the addition of 2.5 mmol l−1 Ca2+ as indicated. Panel B, in Ca2+-free HBS containing 19 mmol l−1 Na+ without (control, ○, continuous line) or with 25 μmmu;mol l−1 ryanodine (•, dashed line) cells were stimulated with 100 nmol l−1 Bk followed by the addition of 2.5 mmol l−1 Ca2+. As indicated, [Na+]o was increased to 145 mmol l−1. Points represent means ±s.e.m. (panel A, n= 36; panel B, n= 32).