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. 2008 Feb 11;180(3):619–632. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200707042

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Copyright © 2008, The Rockefeller University Press

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Figure 5. — Taxol-induced MT stabilization triggers the formation of multiple axons. (A–D) Rat hippocampal neurons (3 DIV) grown in the presence of low concentrations of taxol (3 nM) or DMSO (treatment after 1 DIV) stained for the axonal marker Tau-1. Taxol induces the formation of multiple elongated processes (A, arrows) positive for Tau-1 (B, arrows). Control neurons have formed one axon (arrow) and several minor neurites (arrowheads; C and D). (E) The number of neurites longer than 60 μm is increased after 2 d of taxol treatment (mean ± SEM; P < 0.001 by t test; n > 170 neurons per condition from three independent experiments). DMSO (0.02%), vehicle; Cyto.D (1 μM Cytochalasin D), positive control (Bradke and Dotti, 1999). (F) The number of cells with two or more Tau-1–positive processes increases in a concentration-dependent manner in taxol-treated neurons (mean ± SEM; P < 0.001 by ANOVA; n > 800 neurons per condition from at least three independent experiments). (G–J) Rat hippocampal neurons (5 DIV) grown in the presence of taxol (3 nM; G and H) or DMSO (treatment after 1 DIV; I and J) and stained for Tau-1 (H and J, red) and the dendritic marker MAP2 (H and J, green). DMSO-treated neurons have formed one axon (arrows) and several dendrites (arrowheads; I) Taxol-induced processes (G, arrows) show a proximal-distal gradient of Tau-1 (H, arrows) like control axons (J, arrow). The MAP2 signal is restricted to dendrites (J, white arrowheads) and the proximal part of axons and taxol-induced processes (H and J, open arrowheads). Bars: (A–D) 20 μm; (G–J) 25 μm.