Table 1.
Reference | End point | Comment | Previous reviewsa |
---|---|---|---|
Aarskog 1970 | Hypospadias | Data on progestins treatment only | |
Beard et al. 1984 | Cryptorchidism | Included | R-W, T, S |
Beral and Colwell 1981 | Cryptorchidism | Study too small to calculate risk ratio | Sx |
Berkowitz and Lapinski 1996 | Cryptorchidism | Use of clomiphene before pregnancy recognized | |
Bernstein et al. 1988 | Cryptorchidism | Maternal endogenous hormones | S |
Bhatia et al. 2005 | Cryptorchidism | Included | |
Hypospadias | Included | ||
Bianca et al. 2003 | Hypospadias | Occupational exposure of fathers to pesticides | |
Burton et al. 1987 | Cryptorchidism | Maternal endogenous hormone levels | S |
Calzolari et al. 1986 | Hypospadias | Oral contraceptive use before pregnancy recognized | R-Wx, S |
Cosgrove et al. 1977 | Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias |
No control data for documented abnormalities | R-Wx, Sx |
Czeizel et al. 1979 | Hypospadias | Progesterone treatment | R-Wx |
Czeizel et al. 1999 | Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias |
Ecological study design | |
Davies et al. 1986 | Cryptorchidism | Oral contraceptive use before pregnancy recognized | S |
Depue 1984 | Cryptorchidism | Same cohort as Depue (1988) | R-Wx, S |
Depue 1988 | Cryptorchidism | Included | |
Flores-Luevano et al. 2003 | Hypospadias | Included | |
Garcia-Rodriguez et al. 1996 | Cryptorchidism | Ecological study design | V, S |
Gill et al. 1977 | Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias |
No genitourinary abnormalities in exposed infants | T |
Gill et al. 1979 | Cryptorchidism | Cryptorchidism in men with testicular hypoplasia | T, S |
Harlap et al. 1975 | Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias |
All cases exposed to progesterone | R-W |
Harlap and Eldor 1980 | Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias |
No cases after oral contraceptive use during pregnancy | R-W |
Harlap et al. 1985 | Cryptorchidism | Included | R-W |
Hypospadias | Included | ||
Heinonen et al. 1977 | Hypospadias | Included | |
Hemminki et al. 1999 | Hypospadias | No exposed controls | |
Henderson et al. 1976 | Cryptorchidism | No unexposed cases | T, V |
Hypospadias | No unexposed cases | ||
Janerich et al. 1980 | Hypospadias | Data for hypospadias not reported | R-Wx |
Källén 1988 | Hypospadias | Included | R-W |
Källén and Winberg 1982 | Hypospadias | No exposed controls | R-Wx, S |
Källén et al. 1991 | Hypospadias | Included | R-W, S |
Key et al. 1996 | Cryptorchidism | No exogenous hormone use | S |
Klip et al. 2002 | Hypospadias | Included | |
Kristensen et al. 1997 | Cryptorchidism | Exposure to unspecified pesticides | V, S |
Longnecker et al. 2002 | Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias |
DDE is antiandrogenic | V, S |
McBride et al. 1991 | Cryptorchidism | Included | R-W, S |
Monteleone-Neto et al. 1981 | Hypospadias | Included | R-W, V, S |
North and Golding 2000 | Hypospadias | Phytoestrogens | S |
Palmer et al. 2005 | Hypospadias | Included | |
Pierik et al. 2004 | Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias |
Phytoestrogens, unspecified pesticides, or EDCs | |
Polednak and Janerich 1983 | Hypospadias | Included | R-W, S |
Pons et al. 2005 | Hypospadias | Included | |
Restrepo et al. 1990 | Cryptorchidism | Unspecified pesticides | V |
Rothman and Louik 1978 | Hypospadias | Oral contraceptive use before pregnancy recognized | S |
Sorensen et al. 2005 | Hypospadias | Clomiphene is estrogenic but does not act via ER | |
Stoll et al. 1990 | Hypospadias | Oral contraceptive use before pregnancy recognized | R-Wx, S |
Sweet et al. 1974 | Hypospadias | No exogenous estrogens during pregnancy | R-W |
Torfs et al. 1981 | Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias |
Same cohort as Bhatia et al. (2005) | R-Wx |
Vessey et al. 1983 | Cryptorchidism | Included | S |
Hypospadias | No unexposed cases | S | |
Vrijheid et al. 2003 | Hypospadias | Included | |
Weidner et al. 1998 | Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias |
Exposure to unspecified pesticides | V, S |
Whitehead and Leiter 1981 | Cryptorchidism | No controls | T |
The letters R-W, T, V, and S refer to Raman-Wilms et al. (1995), Toppari et al. (1996), Vidaeff and Sever (2005), and Storgaard et al. (2006), respectively, where the suffix “x” indicates study was excluded from that review.