Table 3.
Analytical epidemiological studies attempting to relate the occurrence of (erosive) wear to aetiological factors
| Index, group size, age and prevalence | Conclusion | |
|---|---|---|
| Järvinen et al. [22] | Eccles & Jenkins index | Citrus fruits: odds ratio (OR) 2 |
| Case-control, n = 100 each | Soft drinks: OR 4 | |
| 13–83-year-olds | ||
| Lussi et al. [27] | Lussi index | Significant relation to the consumption of fruit, acidic drinks, yoghurt, vomiting |
| n = 417 | ||
| 26–30- and 46–50-year-olds at least 36 and 43% resp. with any erosion | ||
| Bartlett et al. [5] | TWI (Smith and Knight) | No significant relation to drinks or other acidic food |
| n = 210 | Significant relation to heart burn | |
| 11–14-year-olds | ||
| 57% had wear in enamel on more than 10 teeth | ||
| Jaeggi et al. [20] | Lussi index | No relation to any aetiological factor |
| n = 417 | ||
| 19–25-year-olds at least 82% with erosion | ||
| Al-Dlaigan et al. [1] | TWI (Smith and Knight) | Significant relation to drinks and fruit, but also to milk, yoghurt and beer |
| n = 418 | ||
| 14-year-olds | ||
| 48% low, 51% moderate 1% severe lesions | ||
| Al-Majed at al. [2] | TWI (Smith and Knight) modified for erosion | No association to erosive drinks for the total sample |
| n = 862 | Significant association to frequency of drinks at night and duration of drinks retained in the mouth only in advanced cases (n = 95) | |
| 12–14-year-olds | ||
| 95% with erosion | ||
| Mathew et al. [30] | Lussi index | No relation to the intake of sport drinks |
| n = 304 | ||
| 18–28-year-olds | ||
| 37% with erosion | ||
| Van Rijkom et al. [49] | Modified Lussi index | No relation to acidic drinks and fruits |
| n = 400 | ||
| 15–16-year-olds | ||
| 30% with visible smooth wear | ||
| Arnadottir et al. [3] | Modified Lussi index | No significant association to risk factors |
| n = 278 | ||
| 15-year-olds | ||
| 72% grade 1 | ||
| 24% grade 2 | ||
| 5% grade 3 | ||
| Nunn et al. [37] | TWI (Smith and Knight) modified for erosion | No significant association with dietary factors |
| n = 1726 | Significant relationship with gastro-oesophageal symptoms | |
| 4–18-year-olds | ||
| 36, 56 and 34% with any erosion on buccal and palatal surfaces of the incisors, and first permanent molars resp. | ||
| Dugmore and Rock [7] | TWI (Smith and Knight) modified for erosion | Drinking fizzy pop: odds ratio 1.59–2.52 depending on amount and frequency |
| n = 1149 | ||
| 12-year-olds | No relation to eating apples, citrus fruit | |
| 56% with erosion | ||
| Milosevic et al. [35] | TWI (Smith and Knight) on labial and lingual surfaces in front teeth, occlusal surfaces of first molars | No association to apples, fresh oranges |
| n = 2385 | Weak association (OR 1–1.4) to yoghurt, grapefruit, salad dressing, vinegar, fruit juice, fizzy drinks | |
| 14-year-olds | Strong association to herbal/lemon tea (OR 3.97) | |
| 53.5% with exposed dentine |