Table 4.

Characteristics of Family Patterns Based on Adolescent's Closeness to Stepfathers and Nonresident Biological Fathers (% or M)

	Family Pattern
	Close to Both Fathers	Close to Neither Father	Close Only to Stepfather	Close Only to Nonresident Father	Fa
Characteristics
Race
White	76	72	71	81
Black	12	14	15	9
Hispanic	9	11	10	6
Other	4	2	4	4	.80
Male	60	42	41	55	6.45***
Age (in years)	14.9	15.8	15.5	15.3	9.98***
Nonmarital birth	22	47	37	17	8.83***
Immigrant	11	10	10	9	.11
Income	$52,000	$50,000	$47,000	$53,000	.78
Mother college	23	20	20	32	2.15
Nonresident father college	32	19	20	32	4.12**
Stepfather college	35	23	24	37	3.08*
Years since lived with father	8.3	11.0	11.4	8.0	26.58***
Contact with father	3.0	1.3	1.0	3.4	110.74***
Closeness to mother	4.9	4.2	4.8	4.3	34.10***
Mother-stepfather happiness	8.8	8.0	8.7	8.0	7.96***
Adolescent outcomes
Externalizing problems	−.16	.23	−.12	.11	9.53***
Internalizing problems	−.25	.29	−.04	.17	15.22***
Failing grades	27	46	33	32	4.96**

Note: Imputed cases excluded. All values are weighted. N = 1,149.

^aDesign-based F.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.