Fig. 4.

JHIII changes the dynamics of TOR signaling in small mosquitoes in vitro. (A) Fat bodies were isolated from standard, small mosquitoes and JHIII-treated small mosquitoes and subjected to fat body culture under different treatments. After 6-h incubation, fat body proteins were extracted and phospho-S6K levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Phosphorylation was only stimulated in fat bodies of the small mosquitoes treated with JHIII when incubated within AA media, and this affect was sensitive to rapamycin. The blots shown are representative of three independent experiments.

(B) JHIII rescued Vg gene expression of small mosquitoes in an in vitro fat body culture system. Fat bodies of standard, small, and JHIII-treated small mosquitoes were subjected to in vitro fat body culture under different conditions for 6 h. Vg expression profiles were determined using real time PCR. Values are means ± SD of triplicate samples from different cohorts. Columns with different letters are significantly different from each other (Tukey-Kramer HSD, P≤0.001).