Proposed pathway for AsA biosynthesis in higher plants (2). Enzymes: 1, phosphoglucose isomerase; 2, phosphomannose isomerase; 3, phosphomannomutase; 4, GDP-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase; 5, GDP-d-mannose-3,5-epimerase; 6, l-galactose dehydrogenase; 7, l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase.