The structure of the T-DNA construct used to complement the vtc1-1 mutation. An ≈3.4-kb ClaI–HindIII fragment that contains the VTC1 gene including ≈1.1 kb upstream of the start of the VTC1 cDNA (including the nontranslated exon 1 and nontranslated section of exon 2, ■), the four protein-encoding exons (□) and the poly(A)+ site identified in the cDNA (↑), to a site 0.23 kb downstream of the stop codon was cloned into the binary vector pGPTV-BAR (21) and used to generate transgenic vtc1-1 plants. This vector also contains a copy of the bar gene (□) and a promoterless GUS (□) between the left and right T-DNA borders (L, R). →, The orientations of VTC1, bar, and the promoterless GUS.