Table 3.
Mean ± SE and estimates for inbreeding depression (d) for eight vegetative and reproductive traits in selfed and outcrossed progeny in the sprayed treatment under field conditions. The estimates of inbreeding depression δ were calculated as 1 minus the proportion of mean values from selfed progeny to the mean values from the outcrossed progeny. Since measures of herbivory are inversely related to fitness (i.e., higher herbivory levels reflect lower fitness), we estimated inbreeding depression for herbivore resistance as 1-[(1-hs)/(1-hx)], where hs is the mean level of herbivory for the selfed progeny and hx is the mean herbivory level measured on the outcrossed progeny (see Methods).
| Leaf Nodes (July) | Leaf Nodes (August) | Staminate Flowers | Perfect Flowers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| selfed progeny | 8.0 | ± 0.4 | 31.6 | ± 1.6 | 7.2 | ± 1.1 | 15.5 | ± 2.5 |
| outcrossed progeny | 8.6 | ± 0.4 | 40.4 | ± 1.5 | 7.4 | ± 1.1 | 20.8 | ± 2.4 |
| inbreeding depression, δ | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.26 | ||||
| Total Number of Flowers | Number of Fruits | Fruits per Flower | Herbivory | |||||
| selfed progeny | 22.9 | ± 3.2 | 14.2 | ± 2.5 | 0.86 | ± 0.05 | 0.30 | ± 0.04 |
| outcrossed progeny | 28.6 | ± 3.2 | 17.9 | ± 2.4 | 0.80 | ± 0.04 | 0.39 | ± 0.04 |
| inbreeding depression, δ | 0.20 | 0.21 | -0.08 | -0.15 | ||||