Figure 3.

Genomic techniques. Genomic techniques can identify alterations that are fundamental and possibly functionally significant to development of premalignant breast lesions. (a) An example of a gain on chromosome 14 is illustrated in this ideogram (data from Mastracci and coworkers [4]). The specific region of gain at 14q32.33 (highlighted in blue) was identified in atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ. (b) The region of gain at 14q32.33 magnified and showing the genes encompassed by the amplified bacterial artificial chromosomes. AKT1 has been implicated in the process of luminal morphogenesis, and a copy number gain of the region containing AKT1 could produce the reported effect on this developmental process.