Table 3.
Part 2. Clinical outcomes of the controlled study
| Variables | Tranexamic acid (n = 24) | Placebo (n = 26) | P value |
| D-dimer at 0 hours, ng/mLa | 448 (270–625) | 1,069 (951–1,189) | <0.01 |
| D-dimer at 4 hours, ng/mL | 499 (364–633) | 974 (880–1,069) | <0.01 |
| D-dimer at 24 hours, ng/mL | 433 (280–608) | 976 (868–1,064) | <0.01 |
| Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 at 4 hours, ng/mL | 88 (35–140) | 129 (70–188) | 0.04 |
| Creatine-kinase at 0 hours, U/L | 261 (199–322) | 327 (270–383) | 0.03 |
| Creatine-kinase MB at 0 hours, U/L | 41 (35–47) | 63 (50–77) | <0.01 |
| STNFR-1 at 4 hours, ng/mL | 1,274 (958–1,590) | 1,656 (1,175–2,138) | 0.09 |
| Interleukin-6 at 4 hours, pg/mL | 236 (140–332) | 362 (250–474) | 0.12 |
| Interleukin-6 at 24 hours, pg/mL | 87 (61–114) | 119 (88–151) | 0.07 |
| Twenty-four-hour bleeding, mL | 464 (308–620) | 1,037 (771–1,303) | <0.01 |
| Total bleeding, mL | 835 (407–1,263) | 1,466 (1,116–1,818) | <0.01 |
| RBCb units transfused within the first 4 hours (percentage)c | 1 (4) | 2 (7) | 0.39 |
| RBCb units until chest tube withdrawal (percentage)c | 9 (38) | 19 (73) | 0.01 |
| Plasma units until chest tube withdrawal (percentage)c | 1 (4) | 8 (31) | 0.02 |
| Inflammatory response after CPB, number (percentage) | 4 (17) | 11 (42) | 0.047 |
| Vasoplegic shock, number (percentage) | 0 | 7 (27) | <0.01 |
| Norepinephrine, hours | 1.2 (0.5–2.4) | 25.4 (5.6–45) | 0.02 |
| Mechanical ventilation, hoursd | 6.5 (5–13.5) | 12 (7–24) | 0.02 |
| Intensive care unit stay, daysd | 3 (2–5.5) | 3.5 (2–5) | 0.96 |
| Postsurgical hospital stay, daysd | 4.5 (3–6) | 4 (2–5) | 0.34 |
Values are expressed as mean and 95% confidence interval or as frequency and percentage. a0 hours represents intensive care unit admission after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); btotal red blood cell (RBC) and plasma until chest tube withdrawal; cpercentage of transfused patients; dvalues are expressed as median and interquartile range. STNFR-1, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1.