Table 5.

Comparison of the techniques and agents used for analgesia and sedation in 2002 and 2006

	Less than 24 hours			24 to 72 hours
	Percentage (95% CI)		P value	Percentage (95% CI)		P value
Year	2002 n = 220	2006 n = 214		2002 n = 220	2006 n = 214
Midazolam	45.9 (36.1 to 55.6)	34.6 (23.7 to 45.4)	<0.001	77.3 (71.0 to 83.6)	62.2 (53.9 to 70.4)	<0.001
Propofol	81.4 (75.7 to 87.1)	82.7 (77.1 to 88.3)	0.6	55,9 (47.2 to 64.7)	67.3 (59.6 to 74.9)	<0.001
Remifentanil	5.9 (-6.9 to 18.7)	16.8 (4.6 to 29.0)	<0.001	2.3 (-10.8 to 15.3)	7.9 (-4.9 to 20.8)	<0.002
Fentanyl	40.0 (29.8 to 50.3)	27.1 (15.7 to 38.5)	<0.001	55.9 (47.1 to 64.7)	40.7 (30.3 to 51.0)	<0.001
Sufentanil	35.0 (24.4 to 45.7)	41.6 (31.4 to 51.8)	<0.05	47.7 (38.2 to 57.3)	58.4 (49.8 to 67.1)	<0.002
Piritramide	38.2 (27.8 to 48.6)	35.1 (24.3 to 45.8)	0.3	15.5 (3.3 to 27.6)	16.8 (4.6 to 29.0)	0.6
Morphine	8.6 (-4.0 to 21.3)	7.5 (-5.4 to 20.4)	0.5	4.5 (-8.4 to 17.5)	7.9 (-4.9 to 20.8)	0.06
PCA	25.5 (14.0 to 36.9)	28.5 (17.2 to 39.8)	0.3	15.5 (3.3 to 27.6)	21.5 (9.6 to 33.4)	<0.001
Ketamine (S)	6.8 (-5.9 to 19.6)	14.5 (2.1 to 26.9)	0.001	20.0 (8.2 to 31.8)	25.7 (14.2 to 37.2)	<0.001
Clonidine	35.9 (25.3 to 46.5)	33.6 (22.7 to 44.6)	0.5	48.2 (38.7 to 57.7)	49.5 (40.0 to 59.1)	0.7
NSAIDs	26.8 (15.6 to 38.2)	23.8 (12.1 to 35.5)	0.3	13.2 (0.8 to 25.5)	16.8 (4.6 to 29.0)	0.1
NMBAs	3.6 (-9.3 to 16.6)	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	n.c.
PNB	15.5 (3.3 to 27.6)	23.8 (12.1 to 35.5)	0.004	12.7 (0.4 to 25.1)	22.0 (10.1 to 33.8)	<0.001
PCEA	7.3 (-5.5 to 20.0)	11.7 (-0.9 to 24.3)	0.04	5.9 (-6.9 to 18.7)	9.8 (-2.9 to 22.5)	0.05
Epidural	68.2 (60.8 to 75.7)	72.0 (64.9 to 79.1)	0.5	59.1 (50.7 to 67.6)	73.8 (67.0 to 80.7)	<0.001

The chi-square test was used to calculate p values. CI, confidence interval; n, number of positive answers; n.c., not calculated; NMBAs, neuromuscular blocking agents; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PCA, patient-controlled analgesia; PCEA, patient-controlled epidural analgesia; PNB, peripheral nerve block.