Table 6.
Comparison of the techniques and agents used for analgesia and sedation in 2002 and 2006
| More than 72 hours | Weaning | |||||
| Percentage (95% CI) | P value | Percentage (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Year | 2002 n = 220 | 2006 n = 214 | 2002 n = 220 | 2006 n = 214 | ||
| Midazolam | 90.5 (86.4 to 94.5) | 92.1 (88.3 to 95.8) | 0.4 | 34.1 (23.4 to 44.8) | 32.2 (21.2 to 43.3) | 0.06 |
| Propofol | 26.4 (15.0 to 37.7) | 22.9 (11.1 to 34.7) | 0.2 | 72.3 (65.3 to 79.3) | 75.2 (68.6 to 81.9) | 0.3 |
| Remifentanil | 1.4 (-11.8 to 14.5) | 3.7 (-9.4 to 16.9) | 0.06 | 5.9 (-6.9 to 18.7) | 15.0 (2.6 to 27.3) | <0.001 |
| Fentanyl | 65.0 (57.2 to 72.8) | 53.7 (44.6 to 62.9) | <0.001 | 30.0 (19.0 to 41.0) | 21.5 (9.6 to 33.4) | 0.002 |
| Sufentanil | 43.6 (33.7 to 3.5) | 51.4 (42.1 to 0.7) | 0.02 | 41.8 (31.8 to 51.9) | 49.5 (40.0 to 9.1) | 0.02 |
| Piritramide | 9.1 (-3.5 to 21.7) | 7.9 (-4.9 to 20.8) | 0.5 | 25.5 (14.1 to 36.9) | 24.3 (12.6 to 36.0) | 0.7 |
| Morphine | 7.3 (-5.5 to 20.0) | 9.8 (-2.9 to 22.5) | 0.2 | 8.6 (-4.0 to 21.3) | 9.4 (-3.4 to 22.1) | 0.7 |
| PCA | 9.5 (-3.0 to 22.1) | 7.0 (-5.9 to 19.9) | 0.5 | (-0.1 to 24.7) | 12.2 (-0.4 to 24.7) | 0.9 |
| Ketamine (S) | 19.1 (13.6 to 36.4) | 19.6 (7.6 to 31.6) | 0.7 | 5.0 (-7.9 to 17.9) | 4.2 (-8.9 to 17.3) | 0.7 |
| Clonidine | 56.4 (47.7 to 65.1) | 52.8 (43.6 to 62.0) | 0.3 | 62.7 (54.6 to 70.8) | 58.9 (50.3 to 67.5) | 0.5 |
| NSAIDs | 10.5 (-2.1 to 23.0) | 10.3 (-2.4 to 22.9) | 0.9 | 14.1 (1.8 to 26.3) | 19.2 (7.1 to 31.2) | 0.06 |
| NMBAs | 0.0 | n.c. | n.c. | 0.0 | n.c. | n.c. |
| PNB | 10.0 (-2.5 to 22.5) | 14.5 (2.1 to 26.9) | 0.6 | 7.7 (-5.0 to 20.4) | 13.6 (1.1 to 26.0) | 0.01 |
| PCEA | 4.1 (-8.9 to 17.0) | 3.7 (-9.4 to 16.9) | 0.8 | 4.6 (-8.4 to 17.5) | 5.6 (-7.4 to 18.6) | 0.5 |
| Epidural | 45.9 (36.2 to 5.6) | 56.5 (47.7 to 5.4) | <0.005 | 42.3 (32.2 to 52.3) | 52.8 (43.6 to 62.0) | <0.005 |
The chi-square test was used to calculate p values. CI, confidence interval; n, number of positive answers; n.c., not calculated; NMBAs, neuromuscular blocking agents; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PCA, patient-controlled analgesia; PCEA, patient-controlled epidural analgesia; PNB, peripheral nerve block.