Table 3.
Clinical and design characteristics of individual studies on single-drug antifungal prophylaxis
| Reference | Inclusion | Patients | Group | |
| Intervention (n) | Control (n) | |||
| Slotman and Burchard [65] | SICU, ≥3 risk factors for candidemia | Surgical | Ketoconazole, 200 mg, 1 dd oral (27) | Placebo (30) |
| Savino et al. [25] | Remaining or expected SICU stay of >48 hours | Surgical/Trauma | A. Clotrimazole, 10 mg, 3 dd oral (80) | No prophylaxis (72) |
| B. Ketoconazole, 200 mg, 1 dd oral (65) | ||||
| C. Nystatin, 2 × 106 U, 4 dd oral (75) (total 220) | ||||
| Eggimann et al. [4] | Recurrent GI perforation or anastomotic leakage | Surgical | Fluconazole, 400 mg, 1 dd iv (23) | Placebo (20) |
| Ables et al. [66] | Expected SICU stay of >48 hours + risk factor for candidiasis | Surgical/Trauma | Fluconazole, 400 mg, 1 dd oral/iv (60) | Placebo (59) |
| Pelz et al. [67] | SICU stay of ≥3 days | Surgical | Fluconazole, 400 mg, 1 dd oral (130) | Placebo (130) |
| Sandven et al. [6] | Confirmed intra-abdominal perforation | Surgical | Fluconazole, 400 mg, 1× peroperative iv (53) | Placebo (56) |
| Garbino et al. [68] | SICU stay of ≥3 days + mechanical ventilation for >48 hours | Surgical/Medical | Fluconazole, 100 mg, 1 dd iv (103) | Placebo (101) |
| He et al. [69] | Severe pancreatitis | Surgical | Fluconazole, 100 mg, 1 dd iv (22) | No prophylaxis (23) |
| Jacobs et al. [70] | ICU patients + septic shock | Surgical/Medical | Fluconazole, 200 mg, 1 dd iv (32) | Placebo (39) |
| Piarroux et al. [38]a | Colonisation index of ≥0.4, SICU stay of ≥5 days | Surgical/Trauma | Fluconazole, 400 mg, 1 dd iv (478) | No prophylaxis (455) |
| Normand et al. [24] | Mechanical ventilation for >48 hours | Surgical/Medical | Nystatin, 106 U, 3 dd oral (51) | No prophylaxis (47) |
aTreatment design is pre-emptive. dd, daily dose; GI, gastrointestinal; ICU, intensive care unit; iv, intravenous; RCT, randomised controlled trial; SICU, surgical intensive care unit.