Table 5.
Clinical and design characteristics of individual studies on selective decontamination of the digestive tract
| Reference | Inclusion | Patients | Group | |
| Interventions (n) | Control (n) | |||
| Unertl et al. [71] | Expected mechanical ventilation of >6 days | Surgical/Trauma/Medical | Amphotericin B, 300 mg, 4 dd oral (19) | Placebo (20) |
| Ledingham et al. [72] | All ICU patients | Surgical/Medical | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (163) | No prophylaxis (161) |
| Kerver et al. [73] | ICU stay of >5 days + mechanical ventilation | Surgical/Trauma | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (49) | No prophylaxis (47) |
| Von Hünefeld [22] | Mechanical ventilation for >4 days | Surgical/Trauma | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (102) | No prophylaxis (102) |
| Ulrich et al. [74] | Expected ICU stay of >5 days | Surgical/Trauma/Medical | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (48) | Placebo (52) |
| McClelland et al. [75] | Acute respiratory and renal failure, mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis for >5 days | Surgical/Trauma/Medical | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (15) | No prophylaxis (12) |
| Hartenauer et al. [76] | Mechanical ventilation for >3 days, ICU stay of >5 days | Surgical/Trauma | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (99) | No prophylaxis (101) |
| Gaussorgues et al. [77] | Mechanical ventilation + inotropic therapy | Surgical/Medical | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (59) | Placebo (59) |
| Hammond et al. [81] | Expected mechanical ventilation of >48 hours, expected ICU stay of >5 days | Surgical/Trauma/Medical | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (114) | Placebo (125) |
| Cockerill et al. [83] | ICU stay of ≥3 days | Surgical/Trauma/Medical | Nystatin, 105 U, 4 dd oral (75) | No prophylaxis (75) |
| Winter et al. [84] | ICU stay of >2 days | Surgical/Trauma/Medical | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (91) | No prophylaxis (92) |
| Ferrer et al. [85] | Expected mechanical ventilation of >3 days | Surgical/Trauma/Medical | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (39) | Placebo (40) |
| Langlois-Karaga et al. [86] | ICU stay of >2 days | Trauma | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (47) | Placebo (50) |
| Luiten et al. [87] | Severe pancreatitis | Surgical/Medical | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (50) | No prophylaxis (52) |
| Wiener et al. [88] | Expected mechanical ventilation of >48 hours | Surgical/Medical | Nystatin, 105 U, 4 dd oral (30) | Placebo (31) |
| Quinio et al. [89] | ICU patients + mechanical ventilation | Trauma | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (76) | Placebo (72) |
| Verwaest et al. [90] | Expected mechanical ventilation of >48 hours | Surgical/Trauma | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (393) | No prophylaxis (185) |
| Abele-Horn et al. [91] | Mechanical ventilation for >48 hours | Surgical/Medical | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (58) | No prophylaxis (30) |
| de La Cal et al. [92] | ≥20% of body surface burned, inhalation trauma + ICU stay of ≥3 days | Trauma | Amphotericin B, 500 mg, 4 dd oral (53) | Placebo (54) |
dd, daily dose; ICU, intensive care unit; RCT, randomised controlled trial.