Table 5.
Guideline recommendations for exercises
| Ottawa Panel [11] | AAOS [10] | EULAR [6] | ICSI [9] | Schnitzer/ACR [7] | |
| Exercises | Recommended (A) | ||||
| Lower limb strengthening exercises | Recommended (A, C+ or C depending on type and outcome) | Recommended (A) | Recommended (1) | Recommended | |
| Walking | Recommended (A, C+ or C depending on outcome) | Recommended (1) | |||
| Whole-body exercises or physical activity | Recommended (A or C depending on outcome) | Recommended (1) | |||
| Jogging in water | Recommended (A or C depending on outcome) | ||||
| Combined lower limb strengthening, flexibility and mobility exercises | Recommended (A or C depending on outcome) | ||||
| Aerobic exercises | Recommended (A) | Recommended (1) | Recommended | ||
| Lower limb range of motion or mobility or flexibility exercises | Recommended (A) | Recommended (1) | Recommended | ||
| Manual therapy with exercises | Recommended (A or C depending on outcome) |
AAOS, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; ACR, American College of Rheumatology; EULAR, European League Against Rheumatism; ICSI, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement.