Table 4.
ANCOVA of Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) Status on Log of the Cost or Utilization Variable Controlling for Sex, Age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI); total Number of Prescription Types
| Model | R2 | Back Transformed Adjusted Mean | SE | F-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total paid costs | .21 | ||||
| Female sex | 21.18 | <.01 | |||
| Age | 2.68 | .10 | |||
| CCI | 2,761.93 | <.01 | |||
| PIM status | 522.19 | <.01 | |||
| 0 PIMs (n=10,002) | 174.94 | 1.02 | |||
| 1 PIM (n=4,549) | 381.36 | 1.03 | |||
| 2+ PIMs (n=2,326) | 635.36 | 1.04 | |||
| Facility paid costs | .16 | ||||
| Female sex | 73.15 | <.01 | |||
| Age | .02 | .89 | |||
| CCI | 2,235.74 | <.01 | |||
| PIM status | 232.78 | <.01 | |||
| 0 PIMs (n=10,002) | 11.84 | 1.03 | |||
| 1 PIM (n=4,549) | 23.15 | 1.05 | |||
| 2+ PIMs (n=2,326) | 52.45 | 1.07 | |||
| Provider paid costs | .17 | ||||
| Female sex | 28.63 | <.01 | |||
| Age | 1.38 | .23 | |||
| CCI | 2,569.81 | <.01 | |||
| PIM status | 219.52 | <.01 | |||
| 0 PIMs (n=10,002) | 30.80 | 1.02 | |||
| 1 PIM (n=4,549) | 51.01 | 1.03 | |||
| 2+ PIMs (n=2,326) | 85.62 | 1.05 | |||
| Prescription paid costs | .12 | ||||
| Female sex | 7.75 | .01 | |||
| Age | .57 | .45 | |||
| CCI | 476.67 | <.01 | |||
| PIM status | 744.38 | <.01 | |||
| 0 PIMs (n=10,002) | 25.49 | 1.02 | |||
| 1 PIM (n=4,549) | 73.42 | 1.03 | |||
| 2+ PIMs (n=2,326) | 121.51 | 1.04 | |||
| Inpatient visits | .09 | ||||
| Female sex | 7.24 | .01 | |||
| Age | 3.29 | .07 | |||
| CCI | 1,438.39 | <.01 | |||
| PIM status | 34.48 | <.01 | |||
| 0 PIMs (n=10,002) | 1.02 | 1.00 | |||
| 1 PIM (n=4,549) | 1.03 | 1.00 | |||
| 2+ PIMs (n=2,326) | 1.04 | 1.00 | |||
| Outpatient visits | .10 | ||||
| Female sex | 56.48 | <.01 | |||
| Age | 39.28 | <.01 | |||
| CCI | 1,455.36 | <.01 | |||
| PIM status | 106.66 | <.01 | |||
| 0 PIMs (n=10,002) | 1.12 | 1.00 | |||
| 1 PIM (n=4,549) | 1.18 | 1.01 | |||
| 2+ PIMs (n=2,326) | 1.26 | 1.01 | |||
| Office visits | .18 | ||||
| Female sex | 5.06 | .03 | |||
| Age | 15.96 | <.01 | |||
| CCI | 2,298.24 | <.01 | |||
| PIM status | 438.46 | <.01 | |||
| 0 PIMs (n=10,002) | 3.29 | 1.01 | |||
| 1 PIM (n=4,549) | 4.23 | 1.01 | |||
| 2+ PIMs (n=2,326) | 5.36 | 1.02 | |||
| Emergency room visits | .02 | ||||
| Female sex | 1.24 | .27 | |||
| Age | 21.34 | <.01 | |||
| CCI | 112.77 | <.01 | |||
| PIM status | 65.48 | <.01 | |||
| 0 PIMs (n=10,002) | 1.01 | 1.00 | |||
| 1 PIM (n=4,549) | 1.01 | 1.00 | |||
| 2+ PIMs (n=2,326) | 1.04 | 1.00 |
CCI, Charlson co-morbidity index, PIM, potentially inappropriate medication.