Table 1.
Characteristics and relative hazards of short-term mortality among 595 HIV-infected patients with alcohol problems
| All subjects at study entry | Crude HR (95% CI)a | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a,b | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age [years (SD)] | 41 (7.43) | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 1.06 (1.01-1.13) |
| Female [No. (%)] | 148 (25) | 1.38 (0.61-3.10) | |
| Race/ethnicity [No. (%)] | |||
| African-American | 246 (41) | 1.05 (0.43-2.55) | |
| White | 202 (34) | Ref | |
| Other | 147 (25) | 1.73 (0.68-4.38) | |
| African-American versus other | 0.80 (0.39-1.65) | ||
| Prior injection drug use [No. (%)] | 354 (60) | 2.81 (1.15-6.87) | 1.75 (0.69-4.43) |
| Prior suicide attempt [No. (%)] | 119 (20) | 0.54 (0.19-1.55) | |
| Depressive symptoms* [No. (%)] | 291 (49) | 1.41 (0.70-2.86) | |
| Study entry pre-August 2001 [No. (%)] | 349 (59) | 1.31 (0.52-3.31) | |
| Mean SF-12 score (SD) | |||
| PCS* | 44 (11.2) | 0.96 (0.93-1.00) | |
| MCS* | 39 (14.1) | 0.98 (0.95-1.00) | |
| Mean HIV RNA [log copies/ml (SD)] | 2.71 (1.98) | 1.20 (0.98-1.46) | |
| CD4 cell count <200 cells/μl [No. (%)] | 136 (24) | 2.43 (1.14-5.15) | 3.58 (1.59-8.06) |
| Medication status [No. (%)] | |||
| Not on ART* | 240 (40) | 1.88 (0.89-3.99) | |
| On ART, not adherent* | 105 (18) | 1.02 (0.28-3.62) | |
| On ART, adherent* | 249 (42) | Ref | |
| Off ART versus on ART* | 1.88 (0.93-3.80) | 2.92 (1.33-6.40) | |
| Heavy alcohol use in prior 30 days* [No. (%)] | 180 (30) | 0.61 (0.25-1.49) | 0.57 (0.23-1.44) |
| Heroin/cocaine usec,* [No. (%)] | 218 (37) | 2.39 (1.18-4.85) | 2.43 (1.12-5.30) |
| Homeless in prior 6 months* [No. (%)] | 164 (28) | 2.85 (1.34-6.07) | 2.92 (1.32-6.44) |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; SF-12, 12-item Short-Form Health Survey; PCS, physical component summary; MCS, mental component summary; ART, antiretroviral therapy.
For crude and adjusted hazard models, variables were measured at study entry, except for those marked with *, which were analyzed as time-varying variables.
The adjusted Cox proportional hazards model included age, prior injection drug use, CD4 cell count, off ART versus on ART, heavy alcohol use, heroin or cocaine use, and homelessness.
Heroin or cocaine use in the last 12 months for study entry, heroin or cocaine use in the last 6 months for follow-up visits.