Table 2.
Drug and alcohol consumption, injecting risk, and sexual risk behaviors overall and by travel, and adjusted odds with 95% confidence intervals for travel as a risk factor for each behavior. Odds ratios are adjusted for age, race, sex, and years injecting in logistic regression models.
| Consumption/Behavior | Overall | Traveled in the prior 3 months (N=221) |
Did not travel in the prior 3 months (N=134) |
p-value (unadjusted) |
Adjusted OR*** (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug use, prior 3 months | |||||
| Used (injected/snorted/smoked) heroin Yes No |
80.9% 19.2% |
83.7% 16.3% |
76.1% 23.9% |
0.05 |
1.40 (0.80-2.44) --- |
| Used (injected/snorted/smoked) powder cocaine Yes No |
50.1% 49.9% |
55.7% 44.3% |
41.0% 59.0% |
0.01 |
1.76 (1.12-2.76) --- |
| Used (injected and/or snorted) crack cocaine Yes No |
52.3% 47.7% |
56.5% 43.6% |
45.5% 54.5% |
0.05 |
1.56 (1.00-2.44) --- |
| Used (injected/snorted/smoked) methamphetamine Yes No |
71.6% 28.4% |
67.4% 32.6% |
78.4% 21.6% |
0.03 |
0.59 (0.35-0.98) --- |
| Used more than one of the above drugs (poly-substance use) Yes No |
83.1% 16.9% |
87.2% 12.8% |
76.3% 23.7% |
<0.01 |
1.99 (1.11-3.59) --- |
| Alcohol consumption, prior 30 days | |||||
| Heavy drinking (>14 and >21 drinks/week for women and men respectively) Yes No |
37.7% 62.3% |
52.3% 47.7% |
13.7% 86.3% |
<0.01 |
6.87 (3.84-12.28) --- |
| Drank until blacked out Yes No |
28.2% 71.8% |
36.8% 63.2% |
13.7% 86.3% |
<0.01 |
3.63 (2.02-6.50) --- |
| Injecting behaviors, prior 3 months | |||||
| Median number of days injected of the past 30 (IQR) |
18 (8-30) | 16 (9-29) | 21 (6-30) | 0.22 | |
| Injected daily, past 30 days Yes No |
27.3% 72.7% |
23.5% 76.5% |
33.6% 66.4% |
0.04 |
0.56 (0.33-0.93) --- |
| Median number of injecting partners (IQR) 0 1 2-4 >=5 |
5 (2-15) 8.4% 11.0% 27.9% 52.7% |
5 (3-17) 4.5% 8.6% 27.2% 59.7% |
4 (1-10) 14.9% 14.9% 29.1% 41.1% |
<0.01 <0.01* |
--- --- --- 2.16 (1.37-3.40) |
| Lent a needle/syringe Yes No |
50.7% 49.3% |
53.4% 46.6% |
46.3% 53.7% |
0.19 |
1.26 (0.81-1.97) --- |
| Injected with someone else's used needle/syringe (N=341) Yes No |
46.9% 53.1% |
52.3% 47.7% |
37.8% 62.2% |
<0.01 |
1.61 (1.01-2.55) --- |
| Pooled money to buy drugs Yes No |
78.8% 21.2% |
86.4% 13.6% |
66.2% 33.8% |
<0.01 |
3.07 (1.79-5.27) --- |
| Shared cooker/spoon to prepare drugs Yes No |
59.8% 40.2% |
67.0% 33.0% |
48.1% 51.9% |
<0.01 |
2.10 (1.34-3.32) --- |
| Syringe was backloaded Yes No |
56.9% 43.1% |
62.7% 37.3% |
47.4% 52.6% |
<0.01 |
1.87 (1.19-2.95) --- |
| Did someone's “rinse” Yes No |
39.4% 60.6% |
42.5% 57.5% |
34.3% 65.7% |
0.13 |
1.32 (0.83-2.10) --- |
| Sexual behaviors, prior 3 months | |||||
| Median number of sexual partners (IQR) 0 1 2-4 >=5 |
2 (1-3) 12.7% 36.6% 37.5% 13.2% |
2 (1-3) 7.2% 34.4% 43.4% 15.0% |
1 (1-2) 21.6% 40.3% 27.6% 10.5% |
<0.01 <0.01* |
--- --- ---** 1.64 (0.82-3.27) |
| Traded sex for money or drugs Yes No |
11.6% 88.4% |
11.3% 88.7% |
11.9% 88.1% |
0.86 |
0.91 (0.45-1.85) --- |
| >90% condom use (N=306, sexually active) Yes No |
23.7% 76.3% |
24.3% 75.7% |
22.5% 77.5% |
0.73 |
1.09 (0.59-2.02) --- |
*
Chi-square test for trend
**
The adjusted odds ratio for >=2 sex partners prior 3 months compared to 0-1 sexual partners is 2.21 (1.40-3.49).
***
Adjusted for age, sex, race, and duration injecting.