Figure 4.

Effects of enzymatic removal of heparan sulfate before heparan sulfate staining of PAEC grown under different flow conditions for 24 hours. The glycocalyx layer is visualized under the confocal microscope through staining of heparan sulfate with Texas Red-conjugated lectin. (a) Cells grown for 24 hours exposed to laminar shear stress of 11 dynes/cm² and then treated with HepIII for 45 minutes before staining, (b) control cells grown under static conditions for 24 hours before treatment with HepIII staining. Images are cross-sections of the cell monolayer $z$ = 0.5–2 μm with $z$ = 0 at the glass surface, (c) cross-sections from the side of the stack of images of (a) created with confocal microscopy, and (d) cross-sections from the side of the stack of images of (b) created with confocal microscopy.