Figure 2.

Example calculation of φ_ap. Photos of EB-stained gels are shown above with their corresponding Boltzman distributions below. The results shown are from reactions containing (Left) (•) and lacking (Right) (○) the unwinding ligand DAUN, and values for ΔLk as well as electrophoretic dimensions are indicated on the gels. ΔLk_c is −0.951 for the ligand-containing reaction, and the maximum of the ligand-free control reaction, ΔLk°_c, is +1.49. This implies a ΔΔLk_c of −2.44. With N_L = 1.46 × 10¹⁴ ligand per reaction and N_D = 1.17 × 10¹² ccDNA per reaction, Eq. 6 gives φ_ap = −7.03°. This becomes one point in a binding isotherm as shown in Fig. 3.