Figure 2.

(A) Posterior view of a pancreaticoduodenectomy specimen with periampullary adenocarcinoma infiltrating the retroperitoneal resection margin. The specimen includes the pyloric part of the stomach (st), the duodenum (du), adipose tissue which is part of the greater omentum, and the head and uncinate process of pancreas. The retroperitoneal resection margin was identified and marked with ink. (B) A section parallel to this resection margin was made. (C) Perpendicular sections of the retroperitoneal resection margin demonstrate pancreatic parenchyma and connective tissue, including fat, vessels and nerves, with infiltration of tumour cells < 1 mm from the inked margin (visible on higher magnification), thus revealing a non-curative (R1) resection.