Table 2.
Independent determinants of ACE-inhibitor or ARB use
| Variable | All patients (N = 4,105) | New users (N = 2,252) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Age | <50 | – | Referent | – | Referent |
| 50–69 | 1.19 | 0.96–1.49 | 1.23 | 0.96–1.58 | |
| 70–89 | 1.48 | 1.19–1.85 | 1.54 | 1.19–2.00 | |
| ≥90 | 0.73 | 0.59–0.90 | 0.79 | 0.60–1.03 | |
| Male gender | 1.07 | 0.91–1.25 | 1.19 | 0.98–1.44 | |
| Length of stay | 1.02 | 1.00–1.03 | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | |
| Hospital days* | 0 | – | Referent | – | Referent |
| 1–7 | 0.68 | 0.56–0.84 | 0.62 | 0.49–0.80 | |
| 8–21 | 0.79 | 0.63–0.99 | 0.68 | 0.51–0.91 | |
| >21 | 0.51 | 0.39–0.68 | 0.53 | 0.35–0.79 | |
| Copayment waived | 1.35 | 1.10–1.67 | 1.34 | 1.03–1.74 | |
| Alpha-blocker | 1.07 | 0.75–1.53 | 1.27 | 0.73–2.20 | |
| ACE-inhibitor or ARB | 5.67 | 4.74–6.78 | – | – | |
| Beta-blocker | 1.12 | 0.94–1.33 | 1.16 | 0.93–1.45 | |
| Calcium channel-blocker | 1.35 | 1.10–1.66 | 1.34 | 1.01–1.79 | |
| Other anti-hypertensive agents | 0.99 | 0.80–1.21 | 1.12 | 0.85–1.47 | |
| Diuretic | 0.85 | 0.68–1.05 | 0.87 | 0.65–1.18 | |
| Nitrate | 0.88 | 0.72–1.07 | 0.82 | 0.63–1.08 | |
| Digitalis | 1.15 | 0.84–1.57 | 1.04 | 0.65–1.65 | |
| Aspirin | 0.89 | 0.74–1.07 | 0.91 | 0.70–1.18 | |
| Clopidogrel | 0.90 | 0.68–1.20 | 0.73 | 0.46–1.15 | |
| Vitamin K-antagonist | 0.99 | 0.70–1.41 | 1.10 | 0.65–1.87 | |
| Statin | 1.12 | 0.92–1.38 | 0.84 | 0.63–1.11 | |
| Fibrate | 1.21 | 0.76–1.93 | 1.00 | 0.56–1.77 | |
| Oral antidiabetic | 1.26 | 1.00–1.58 | 1.06 | 0.79–1.44 | |
| Insulin | 1.02 | 0.73–1.44 | 1.20 | 0.68–2.10 | |
| Asthma/COPD | 1.07 | 0.86–1.34 | 1.10 | 0.83–1.47 | |
| Benzodiazepines/anxiolytics | 1.06 | 0.83–1.36 | 1.16 | 0.83–1.62 | |
| Antidepressants | 0.87 | 0.70–1.09 | 0.85 | 0.64–1.13 | |
| Antipsychotics | 0.64 | 0.45–0.91 | 0.65 | 0.41–1.04 | |
* P for trend <0.001